Problem involving an adiabatic process

Click For Summary
The discussion revolves around the transition from Equation 1.11 to Equation 1.12 in the context of an adiabatic process, focusing on the relationships between internal energy (U), pressure (P), and temperature (T). The user is trying to understand how the derivatives of specific heat capacity (c_v) and the internal energy lead to the equations presented. They derive expressions for dQ and dS, emphasizing the use of partial derivatives and the commutativity of mixed partial derivatives. The key point is the relationship established between the derivatives of U and P, ultimately simplifying to show how changes in volume and temperature interact in an adiabatic process. Clarification on these mathematical transitions is sought to solidify understanding of the underlying thermodynamic principles.
Another
Messages
104
Reaction score
5
Homework Statement
adiabatic process equation derivation
Relevant Equations
dU = U_V dT + U_T dV ; U_V is derivative U by T (volume constant) and U_T is derivative U by V (temperature constant)
dQ = dU + p dV
termo stat 01.png


in this textbook : http://www.fulviofrisone.com/attach...tatistical Mechanics 2Ed (Wiley)(T)(506S).pdf ;page 20

I don't understand about Eq 1.11 come to 1.12 ? I know

dU = U_V dT + U_T dV

dQ = dU + p dV

put dU into dQ. So dQ = U_V dT + (U_T +p) dV

and i know that c_v = U_V = dU/dT when volume constant. So

dQ = c_v dT + (U_T +p) dV

and dS = dQ/T .

dS = c_v/T dT + 1/T (U_T +p) dV and ds is exact differential

d/dV ( c_v / T) = d/dT ((1/T)(U_T +p)))

i think derivative of c_v/ T by dV when T (Temperature constant) Equal to 0 . but I not sure

I need someone to explain to me. why Eq 1.11 come to Eq 1.12
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Here ##U = U(T,V)## and ##P = P(T,V)##. Write:$$\begin{align*}\left( \frac{\partial }{\partial V} \right)_{T} \frac{C_v}{T} &= \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial T} \right)_{V} \left[ \frac{1}{T} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T} + \frac{P}{T} \right] \\ \\

\left( \frac{\partial }{\partial V} \right)_{T} \left[ \frac{1}{T} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial T} \right)_{V} \right]&=

-\frac{1}{T^2} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T} + \frac{1}{T} \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial T} \right)_{V} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T} + \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial T} \right)_{V} \frac{P}{T}\end{align*}$$where we used the commutativity of mixed partial derivatives. Rearrange:$$\frac{1}{T^2} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T}= \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial T} \right)_{V} \frac{P}{T} = - \frac{P}{T^2} + \frac{1}{T} \left( \frac{\partial P}{\partial T} \right)_{V}$$Simplify:$$\left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T} = -P + T \left( \frac{\partial P}{\partial T} \right)_{V}$$
 
Last edited by a moderator:
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

Similar threads

  • · Replies 8 ·
Replies
8
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
3K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 14 ·
Replies
14
Views
2K
  • · Replies 51 ·
2
Replies
51
Views
7K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K