Problem involving an adiabatic process

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the derivation of Equation 1.12 from Equation 1.11 in the context of an adiabatic process as presented in the textbook "Statistical Mechanics" by Kerson Huang. The user seeks clarification on the transition between these equations, specifically how the expressions for internal energy (U), heat (dQ), and entropy (dS) relate to each other. Key equations include dU = U_V dT + U_T dV and dQ = dU + p dV, leading to the conclusion that the derivative of c_v/T with respect to volume at constant temperature equals zero.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic concepts such as internal energy (U), heat (dQ), and entropy (dS).
  • Familiarity with partial derivatives and their application in thermodynamics.
  • Knowledge of the specific heat capacity at constant volume (c_v) and its relation to temperature and volume.
  • Basic proficiency in mathematical manipulation of equations involving derivatives.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of thermodynamic identities, particularly focusing on the Maxwell relations.
  • Explore the implications of adiabatic processes in thermodynamics and their mathematical representations.
  • Learn about the properties of exact differentials in thermodynamic equations.
  • Investigate the relationship between pressure (P), volume (V), and temperature (T) in the context of the ideal gas law.
USEFUL FOR

Students and professionals in physics and engineering, particularly those specializing in thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and related fields. This discussion is beneficial for anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of adiabatic processes and the mathematical frameworks that describe them.

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Homework Statement
adiabatic process equation derivation
Relevant Equations
dU = U_V dT + U_T dV ; U_V is derivative U by T (volume constant) and U_T is derivative U by V (temperature constant)
dQ = dU + p dV
termo stat 01.png


in this textbook : http://www.fulviofrisone.com/attach...tatistical Mechanics 2Ed (Wiley)(T)(506S).pdf ;page 20

I don't understand about Eq 1.11 come to 1.12 ? I know

dU = U_V dT + U_T dV

dQ = dU + p dV

put dU into dQ. So dQ = U_V dT + (U_T +p) dV

and i know that c_v = U_V = dU/dT when volume constant. So

dQ = c_v dT + (U_T +p) dV

and dS = dQ/T .

dS = c_v/T dT + 1/T (U_T +p) dV and ds is exact differential

d/dV ( c_v / T) = d/dT ((1/T)(U_T +p)))

i think derivative of c_v/ T by dV when T (Temperature constant) Equal to 0 . but I not sure

I need someone to explain to me. why Eq 1.11 come to Eq 1.12
 
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Here ##U = U(T,V)## and ##P = P(T,V)##. Write:$$\begin{align*}\left( \frac{\partial }{\partial V} \right)_{T} \frac{C_v}{T} &= \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial T} \right)_{V} \left[ \frac{1}{T} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T} + \frac{P}{T} \right] \\ \\

\left( \frac{\partial }{\partial V} \right)_{T} \left[ \frac{1}{T} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial T} \right)_{V} \right]&=

-\frac{1}{T^2} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T} + \frac{1}{T} \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial T} \right)_{V} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T} + \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial T} \right)_{V} \frac{P}{T}\end{align*}$$where we used the commutativity of mixed partial derivatives. Rearrange:$$\frac{1}{T^2} \left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T}= \left( \frac{\partial }{\partial T} \right)_{V} \frac{P}{T} = - \frac{P}{T^2} + \frac{1}{T} \left( \frac{\partial P}{\partial T} \right)_{V}$$Simplify:$$\left( \frac{\partial U}{\partial V} \right)_{T} = -P + T \left( \frac{\partial P}{\partial T} \right)_{V}$$
 
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