How does a programmer programme a robot arm offline?ANd through what ways?
Hello AllenHe and welcome to the forums.
Typically what happens is you get some kind of architecture manual or a library manual that outlines the instruction set of the hardware, the digital representation of data and memory and how to interface between other platforms like a PC using a serial port or even a USB port.
If it is not as low level you usually have some high level tools like a compiler and development kit that you run on your PC and then you have some drivers that allow you to communicate to your robot device, again through either a serial port or USB. If it is a recent piece of hardware it will probably be through a USB and you'll probably have some high level tools that work on a PC.
Do you have any specific information about the platform you are using?