How do quantum fluctuations drive phase transitions at absolute zero?

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SUMMARY

This discussion centers on the role of quantum fluctuations in driving phase transitions at absolute zero, specifically within heavy fermion systems. The transition from a spin glass state to a non-Fermi liquid (NFL) phase is identified as a second-order phase transition occurring at a quantum critical point, as depicted in a temperature versus doping phase diagram. The conversation highlights that quantum phase transitions are driven by quantum fluctuations, as described by Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, even at zero temperature, and emphasizes the concept of scale invariance in these fluctuations.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum phase transitions
  • Familiarity with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle
  • Knowledge of heavy fermion systems
  • Basic concepts of phase diagrams and critical points
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  • Research the concept of scale invariance in quantum systems
  • Explore the properties of heavy fermion systems and their phase behavior
  • Study the implications of quantum critical points on material properties
  • Investigate the mathematical framework of quantum fluctuations in condensed matter physics
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Physicists, materials scientists, and researchers interested in condensed matter physics, particularly those studying quantum phase transitions and heavy fermion systems.

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I was reading a paper the other day that was discussing NFL behavior in heavy fermion systems. There was a phase diagram that was plotted as a function of temperature vs. doping. In the diagram, there was a transition from a spin glass state to an NFL phase which occurred as a second order T=0 phase transition across a quantum critical point. I am familiar with the basic idea of a quantum phase transition. Namely, whereas thermal phase transitions occur due to the rise of thermal fluctiations, quantum phase transitions occur due to the fact that even when the temperature is suppressed to zero, quantum fluctations due to Heisenbergs uncertainty principle are sufficient to drive the change of state. So here's my question: How can the miniscule quantum fluctions suffice to cause a change in state. I tried looking at Wiki, and it said something about the fluctations being "scale invariant" with interactions extending across the entire system. I am not sure what they entirely mean by this nor how this could possibly occur. Could someone please explain. I would greatly appreciate it.
 
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I also would like to know if someone can explain this
 

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