Quartic eqn solutions for Cos/Sin

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around finding special case solutions to the quartic equation x^4 + a x^3 + b x^2 + c x + d = 0 when x is set to Cos[theta]. Participants explore the implications of this substitution and whether it leads to any simplifications or unique properties of the solutions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant inquires about special properties of the quartic equation's solutions when x = Cos[theta], referencing Vieta's formula but expressing that it does not simplify the problem.
  • Another participant suggests that the half-angle identity could reduce the degree of the equation but introduces cosines of different arguments, which may not be helpful.
  • Some participants argue that the condition x = Cos[theta] does not significantly alter the nature of the quartic equation, merely restricting x to the interval [-1, 1].
  • It is noted that x = Cos[theta] is algebraic if theta is a rational multiple of pi, while it is transcendental otherwise, indicating a distinction in the nature of solutions based on theta.
  • A participant mentions that if the equation were structured differently, such as 2ax^2 - 1 = 2aCos^2(theta) - 1, then Cos(2theta) could be seen as a simplification.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the significance of the substitution x = Cos[theta]. While some see it as a limitation, others propose potential avenues for simplification. The discussion remains unresolved regarding the utility of this substitution in solving the quartic equation.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on the rationality of theta and the implications of using trigonometric identities, which may introduce additional complexities without clear benefits.

natski
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Hi all,

I am looking for a special case solution to the quartic equation x^4 + a x^3 + b x^2 + c x + d = 0 in the case where x = Cos[theta]. Are there are any special properties of the solutions? For example, I know there are numerous properties from Vieta's formula but none of these really help simplify things if x=cosine.

Natski
 
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Depends on what you want to do, I suppose. The half-angle identity
\cos^2a=\frac{1+\cos(2a)}{2}
could reduce the degree, but at the cost of introducing cosines of different arguments. This may have been what you were referring to as not useful, though; I'm not sure.
 
I don't see how it can be considered much of a special case if x=cos\theta. All you're saying here is that -1\leq x\leq 1 which really doesn't help a great deal.
 
x=cos(\theta) is algebraic if \theta is a rational multiple of pi. I.e. it is the zero of a polynomial of integer coefficients.

It can be shown that if \theta is not a rational multiple of pi, then x=cos(\theta) is transcendental and thus not the solution of any polynomial of algebraic coefficients.
 
Mentallic said:
I don't see how it can be considered much of a special case if x=cos\theta. All you're saying here is that -1\leq x\leq 1 which really doesn't help a great deal.

I don't know... if the equation was 2ax^2-1=2a\cos^2(\theta)-1, I would consider \cos(2\theta) a simplification.
 

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