Question about the derivation of linear magnification

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the derivation of linear magnification in optics, specifically using Snell's law and the relationships between angles of incidence and heights of objects and images. The formula for magnification, expressed as \( m = \mod{\frac {v n_1}{u n_2}} \), is confirmed as accurate. Participants express confusion regarding the definitions of \( h_o \) (object height) and \( h_i \) (image height) in relation to the angles \( i_1 \) and \( i_2 \). A relevant diagram from Pedrotti is identified as crucial for understanding these relationships.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Snell's law in optics
  • Familiarity with the concepts of object height (\( h_o \)) and image height (\( h_i \))
  • Knowledge of trigonometric functions, particularly tangent
  • Ability to interpret optical diagrams and their relevance to magnification
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the refraction formula using Snell's law
  • Learn about the relationship between angles of incidence and object/image heights in optics
  • Examine the magnification formula in detail, including its applications in optical systems
  • Review diagrams from Pedrotti's work to clarify the relationships between angles and heights
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Students and educators in physics, particularly those focusing on optics, as well as anyone involved in the study of magnification and refraction in optical systems.

Baal Hadad
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Homework Statement
Given the diagram below, I would like to derive the expression for linear magnification:
Relevant Equations
$$m=\mod{\frac{n_1v }{n_2u}}$$
I tried assumed ##\theta \approx sin \theta \approx tan \theta##.
By Snell's law(after approximation),
$$n_1 \tan( i_1)= n_2 \tan( i_2)$$
If ##\tan (i_1)=\frac {h_o}{ u}## and ##\tan (i_2)=\frac {h_i}{ v}##,then
$$m=\frac {h_i}{h_o}=\mod{\frac {v n_1}{un_2}}$$
Which is the expected expression.
I don't consider orientation of image here.
The point that I confused is why##\tan (i_1)=\frac {h_o}{ u}## and ##\tan (i_2)=\frac {h_i}{ u}##.
I even can't find the height of image and object from this diagram,and how the height is related with the angle ##i_1## and ##i_2##.
Can anyone help me?
Thanks in advance.
 

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Baal Hadad said:
The point that I confused is why##\tan (i_1)=\frac {h_o}{ u}## and ##\tan (i_2)=\frac {h_i}{ u}##.
I am confused about the same point. I see neither ##h_o## nor ##h_i## in the figure. Can you post a revised figure? If you do, please make sure that it's at the appropriate orientation.
 
kuruman said:
I am confused about the same point. I see neither ##h_o## nor ##h_i## in the figure. Can you post a revised figure? If you do, please make sure that it's at the appropriate orientation.
Here is the situation:
The diagram above is used to derive the refraction formula by my lecturer.After deriving,he directly introduce (without new diagrams ) when ##r=infinity## the right hand term becomes zero and then below the magnification formula.Do these two are related?
Anyway,so I assume the magnification formula is derived from the same diagram as no new diagram is given.
For now,I only found that Pedrotti has the relevant topics but still the diagram is as below attached.But still don't have the image height and object height.
Sorry that I can't find relevant diagrams (or I don't understand which diagram can be used).
 

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Baal Hadad said:
The point that I confused is why##\tan (i_1)=\frac {h_o}{ u}## and ##\tan (i_2)=\frac {h_i}{ u}##.
Oh,and sorry for typos.It should be ##\tan (i_2)=\frac {h_i}{ v}##.

Well,I found the relevant diagram just next page of the posted page of Pedrotti,sorry for bringing everyone much trouble.
Thank you.
 

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