Range of frequency heard by observer related to Doppler effect

AI Thread Summary
The discussion centers on the Doppler effect and the frequency changes perceived by an observer moving towards or away from a sound source. The correct frequency range is clarified to be based on instantaneous positions rather than overall transit, leading to the conclusion that the frequency cannot be lower when approaching the source. It is noted that while the frequency remains constant, the perceived loudness increases due to the intensity of sound waves, which is independent of frequency. The conversation emphasizes that the pitch only changes with varying approach speeds, and the intensity of sound relates to its spread over distance rather than frequency changes. Overall, the Doppler effect accurately describes frequency changes, while loudness perception is influenced by sound intensity.
songoku
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Homework Statement
Please see below
Relevant Equations
##f_2=\frac{v\pm v_o}{v\pm v_s}f_1##
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My answer is (A) but the correct answer is (B).

My attempt:
$$f_2=\frac{v\pm v_o}{v\pm v_s}f_1$$
$$=\frac{v+0.1v}{v}f_o$$
$$=1.1f_o$$

If we consider the observer to move pass through the sound source and now is moving away from the stationary source, then:
$$f_2=\frac{v-0.1v}{v}f_o$$
$$=0.9f_o$$

My questions:
1) why the answer is not ##0.9f_o\leq f\leq1.1f_o##?

2) based on the doppler effect formula, the frequency heard by observer will be constant (higher) when the observer is approaching the source (or source approaching the observer) and will also be constant (lower) when observer is moving away from source (or source is moving away from observer). But in real life, when ambulance is approaching me, the sound heard will be louder and louder (not constant) as it is approaching. This seems to contradict the formula. Or maybe the sound is louder and louder due to amplitude is increasing but the frequency stays constant?

Thanks
 
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songoku said:
1) why the answer is not ##0.9f_o\leq f\leq1.1f_o##?
It is not made clear, but it seems you are to consider the instaneous position shown, not the whole transit.
songoku said:
2) based on the doppler effect formula, the frequency heard by observer will be constant (higher) when the observer is approaching the source (or source approaching the observer) and will also be constant (lower) when observer is moving away from source (or source is moving away from observer).
Only if on a line through the source.
songoku said:
maybe the sound is louder and louder due to amplitude is increasing but the frequency stays constant?
Amplitude is independent of frequency, but loudness is a matter of perception. The human auditory system is more sensitive to some frequencies than others.
 
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The image shows the obsever travelling towards, but not straight at, the source. I would assume the question intends to ask about this particular setup.

This means that the observer approaches the source with a speed lower than ##0.1v##. Since it us an approach, the frequency cannog be lowered.
 
haruspex said:
It is not made clear, but it seems you are to consider the instaneous position shown, not the whole transit.
Orodruin said:
The image shows the obsever travelling towards, but not straight at, the source. I would assume the question intends to ask about this particular setup.

This means that the observer approaches the source with a speed lower than ##0.1v##. Since it us an approach, the frequency cannog be lowered.
I understand.

haruspex said:
Only if on a line through the source.
Do you mean in real life there can be some sound wave that are not on a line through the source so adding to the frequency heard by the observer?

Thanks
 
songoku said:
Do you mean in real life there can be some sound wave that are not on a line through the source so adding to the frequency heard by the observer?
He means the motion of the observer.
 
Orodruin said:
He means the motion of the observer.
If I imagine observer approaching source in a straight line in real life, the sound heard will be louder, not constant (not really sure whether the pitch will be higher too). Is this related to Doppler effect or is it something else?

Thanks
 
songoku said:
(not really sure whether the pitch will be higher too).
The pitch only changes if the approach speed changes.
songoku said:
Is this related to Doppler effect
no
songoku said:
or is it something else?
The emitted sound spreads out in concentric spherical shells, so when a wave has reached distance r it is spread out over a shell of area ##4\pi r^2##. (corrected)
 
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haruspex said:
The emitted sound spreads out in concentric spherical shells, so when a wave has reached distance r it is spread out over a shell of area ##\pi r^2##.
I know it's only a typo' but (just in case it confuses the OP) that should be an area of ##4\pi r^2##, the surface area of a sphere.
 
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haruspex said:
The pitch only changes if the approach speed changes.

no

The emitted sound spreads out in concentric spherical shells, so when a wave has reached distance r it is spread out over a shell of area ##4\pi r^2##. (corrected)
Steve4Physics said:
I know it's only a typo' but (just in case it confuses the OP) that should be an area of ##4\pi r^2##, the surface area of a sphere.
I get it. It is actually related to the intensity of the sound wave, not to the frequency. The frequency is still consistent with Doppler effect formula.

Thank you very much for the help and explanation haruspex, Orodruin, Steve4Physics
 
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