News Reversing Global Warming: Individual vs Corporate Responsibility?

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The discussion centers on the challenges of reversing global warming trends, highlighting the roles of individual actions, corporate responsibility, and government initiatives. While some believe individuals can make a difference, the consensus suggests that significant change requires corporate and governmental support, particularly in adopting economically viable alternatives like nuclear energy. Public opinion on nuclear power remains mixed, with concerns about safety and waste management influencing resistance despite its potential as a clean energy source. The conversation also touches on the importance of sustainable living practices, such as permaculture, and the need for increased public awareness and pressure on policymakers. Overall, reversing environmental degradation necessitates a multifaceted approach involving individuals, corporations, and government collaboration.
  • #91
russ_watters said:
You have an air source heat pump, don't you? Ie, there is a big (3 feet high/wide) cylindrical heat sink with a fan in the middle sitting next to your house? Water source heat pumps reject their heat into some water source (usually groundwater) - and they are relatively rare.

That said, the general concept (linking HVAC units and hot water heaters) is something I'm really in favor of. And it really shouldn't be that hard to clamp a heat exchanger onto the refrigerant piping of an a/c unit, for whatever purpose (I could see recovering some heat-of-rejection in the summer to heat water - the article is talking about using the heat pump cycle itself to heat water).

And yes, a house kinda needs to be designed with such forms of heat recovery in mind.
Wow, thanks! For where I live, I was wondering if I should worry about the energy to heat water, but if I can afford the upfront cost, I'm for it. Of course the big cost here is air conditioning. I have a tile roof, sunscreens on all the windows, and ceiling fans, but can't think what else to do to lower this need.
 
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  • #92
Certainly improving efficiency of transportation systems is one way.

I heard about the following in a NPR's Day to Day radio program:

http://slate.msn.com/id/2112608/
Why Iraq hawks are driving Priuses.
By Robert Bryce
Posted Tuesday, Jan. 25, 2005

President Bush has a simple policy about energy: produce more of it. The former oilman has packed his administration with veterans of the oil and coal industries. And for most of the first Bush term, his energy policy and his foreign policy were joined at the hip. Since the Bush administration believed that controlling the flow of oil from the Persian Gulf was critically important to the American economy, the invasion of Iraq seemed to serve both the president's energy goals and his foreign policy ones.

But a curious transformation is occurring in Washington, D.C., a split of foreign policy and energy policy: Many of the leading neoconservatives who pushed hard for the Iraq war are going green. James Woolsey, the former director of the Central Intelligence Agency and staunch backer of the Iraq war, now drives a 58-miles-per-gallon Toyota Prius and has two more hybrid vehicles on order. Frank Gaffney, the president of the Center for Security Policy and another neocon who championed the war, has been speaking regularly in Washington about fuel efficiency and plant-based bio-fuels.

The alliance of hawks and environmentalists is new but not entirely surprising. The environmentalists are worried about global warming and air pollution. But Woolsey and Gaffney—both members of the Project for the New American Century, which began advocating military action against Saddam Hussein back in 1998—are going green for geopolitical reasons, not environmental ones. They seek to reduce the flow of American dollars to oil-rich Islamic theocracies, Saudi Arabia in particular. Petrodollars have made Saudi Arabia too rich a source of terrorist funding and Islamic radicals. Last month, Gaffney told a conference in Washington that America has become dependent on oil that is imported from countries that, "by and large, are hostile to us." This fact, he said, makes reducing oil imports "a national security imperative."

I was quite impressed. :approve:
 
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  • #93
russ_watters said:
I think a nuclear-hydrogen economy is the key

More later, but I'm coming to the same conclusion. Considering how seldom agree, I think that's saying something. I think we need to watchdog the nuclear industry as if the world depends on it, but we seem to be running out of time with too few immediate options. I also think that biodiesel and farm produced ethanol are practical options now. From what I understand, biodiesel burns much cleaner than petroleum diesel. I also think that other future solutions are worthy of hot pursuit, but I will elaborate more when I have the time and focus; when I'm not on good pain drugs for my oral surgery yesterday.

Before I forget, that stupid aircar might really do what the builders claim. I just saw another story about it and it seems to be past the obvious hoax stage. I don't see how, but it appears that it really is competitive [IIRC, actually claiming about 20-30% cheaper to operate] with gasoline powered automobiles.
http://www.theaircar.com/
 
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  • #94
I too think that a nuclear-hydrogen economy is the key. With modern technolgy we should be able to do this very safe. Burning things should become old fashioned and dirty in the future.

Here is a very interesting article about the so-called "pebble-bed reactor":
http://wired-vig.wired.com/wired/archive/12.09/china.html?pg=1&topic=china&topic_set=
 
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  • #95
PBMRs don't have anything to do with the future of nuclear power, Gerben.
 
  • #96
hitssquad said:
PBMRs don't have anything to do with the future of nuclear power, Gerben.
I am not sure what you mean (what does PBMR stand for?). Do you mean that this kind of reactors have no chance of being used in the future?

here is a quote from the link I posted
To meet that growing demand, China's leaders are pursuing two strategies. They're turning to established nuke plant makers like AECL, Framatome, Mitsubishi, and Westinghouse, which supplied key technology for China's nine existing atomic power facilities. But they're also pursuing a second, more audacious course. Physicists and engineers at Beijing's Tsinghua University have made the first great leap forward in a quarter century, building a new nuclear power facility that promises to be a better way to harness the atom: a pebble-bed reactor. A reactor small enough to be assembled from mass-produced parts and cheap enough for customers without billion-dollar bank accounts. A reactor whose safety is a matter of physics, not operator skill or reinforced concrete. And, for a bona fide fairy-tale ending, the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow is labeled hydrogen.
 
  • #97
Ivan Seeking said:
aircar might really do what the builders claim. [...] it appears that it really is competitive [...] with gasoline powered automobiles.
You mean it will produce better acceleration times, or better slalom times, or both?
 
  • #98
Oh yah, nothing like a dictatorship that cares little about public safety going at it with nuclear power! There going to ruin it for the dumb American public :(
 
  • #99
hitssquad said:
You mean it will produce better acceleration times, or better slalom times, or both?

I meant the cost to operate. They showed a side by side comparison of the dollar cost to drive 90 miles for both. Also from what I gather, this was demonstrated, not just claimed. I haven't done the math but at 4000 PSI maybe it really makes sense. I was inclined to believe that the system would be too inefficient to be practical; and since there was no thermo data available it seemed even more like a fraud of some sort.
 
  • #100
4 out of 5 terrorists agree - the U.S. should build lots of PBMRs

gerben said:
what does PBMR stand for?
http://www.google.com/search?q=pbmr+pebble



Do you mean that this kind of reactors have no chance of being used in the future?
China is interested. South Africa is interested. However, regarding the United States, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) wants the pebbles to be flawless since prototypical PBMRs do not use containment shells and therefore the pebbles perform the job of final environmental barrier from the radionuclides within. Also, not having a containment shell would seem to make a nuclear power reactor an attractive target for kamikaze pilots.
 
  • #101
Designing the perfect unsellable vehicle

Ivan Seeking said:
I meant the cost to operate.
Americans buy safety, luxury, performance, and looks. There are low-operating-cost 2/3-liter diesel cars sold in Asia. Americans refuse to buy them, so they aren't sold here. And there are cars that are sold in America that only cost ~$4,000 per year to own and drive. Americans refuse to buy these as well, at least at a reasonable markup, so manufacturers push them on the public for less than it costs to make them. They do this to meet the CAFE requirements.

Americans are finicky car buyers. It might amaze an observer to see what Americans won't buy because it does not have enough performance or because it is not luxurious enough or because their bosses/co-workers/clients/friends/neighbors might think it looks dorky.

If you want to build a low-performance, ugly, unsellable car, you don't need to look to alternative powertrains. Gasoline and diesel powertrains are already fully capable of being designed into unsellable vehicles, if that is the goal.
 
  • #102
hitssquad said:
since prototypical PBMRs do not use containment shells and therefore the pebbles perform the job of final environmental barrier from the radionuclides within. Also, not having a containment shell would seem to make a nuclear power reactor an attractive target for kamikaze pilots.
They can of course be built with a containment shell.
For example on https://www.pbmr.com/ you can read:
The PBMR does, in fact, have a very robust civil structure, which protects the reactor from severe external events (such as an aircraft crash or an earthquake). In addition, one of the fundamental design differences between current generation reactors and High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs) with coated particle fuel is the individual 'containment' function of each fuel particle. The inherent design of these fuel particles, coupled with the advanced design of the reactor, means that a major or severe loss of containment is not possible.
I do not know if this would be the best way to go with nuclear energy, I just found the article that I linked interesting. It seems that PMBRs are much safer than conventional reactors.

"The Pebble Bed Modular Reactor (PBMR) is based on a simple design, with passive safety features that require no human intervention, and that cannot be bypassed or rendered ineffective in any way.

In all existing power reactors, safety objectives are achieved by means of custom-engineered, active safety systems. In contrast, the PBMR is inherently safe as a result of the design, the materials used, the fuel, and the physics involved. This means that, should a worst-case scenario occur, no human intervention is required in the short or medium term.

Nuclear accidents are principally driven by the residual power (decay heat) generated by the fuel after the chain reaction, caused by radioactive decay of fission products, is stopped. If this decay heat is not removed, it will heat up the nuclear fuel until its fission product retention capability is degraded and its radioactivity is released.

In 'conventional' reactors, the heat removal is achieved by active cooling systems (such as pumps) and relies on the presence of the heat transfer fluid (e.g. water). Because of the potential for failure in these systems, they are duplicated to provide redundancy. Other systems, such as a containment building, are provided to mitigate the consequences of failure and provide a further barrier to radioactive release.

In the PBMR, the removal of the decay heat is achieved by radiation, conduction and convection, independent of the reactor coolant conditions. The combination of the very low-power density of the core (1/30th of the power density of a Pressurized Water Reactor), and the temperature resistance of fuel in billions of independent particles to high-temperature, underpins the superior safety characteristics of this type of reactor." (from: https://www.pbmr.com/)
 
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  • #103
So it'll cost 3 trillion for solar power.

How much would it cost to build enough nuclear power plants for our countrys power needs?
 
  • #104
hitssquad said:
If you want to build a low-performance, ugly, unsellable car, you don't need to look to alternative powertrains. Gasoline and diesel powertrains are already fully capable of being designed into unsellable vehicles, if that is the goal.

I think this situation has improved and will continue to do so. For one, the price of gasoline now makes alternatives more attractive. In fact we talked about this once before wrt the hybrid autos. People are buying them. The thing about the air-car is that is has zero emissions; it's as clean as the grid. Also, I see this as practical for crowded cities. Obviously commuters have different needs. For you and I for example, heck, do you want to drive to Portland in a toy car with SUV's and Semi's on the road?

Oh yes, I throw out the suggestion for your consideration that in addition to meeting stiffer clean air standards, the size of personal vehicles should be limited somehow. Perhaps lanes could be dedicated to vehicles under a certain weight, or some roads could be for small vehicles only. Maybe the speed limit for anything but small cars should be the same as for tractor-trailers. The fact is that size does matter when it comes to efficiency; so make it inconvenient to drive large vehicles. Also, many people buy large vehicles because they are safer; and for good reason. For example, a Prius vs a Suburban is not a pretty match. This makes the playing field incredibly unfair for those who are trying to be responsible. We must do so by risking our lives when forced to share the road with large vehicles.
 
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  • #105
So if nuclear power has become safer, and the waste remains the concern, what happened to the ideas about shooting it into the sun? Not realistic, either logistically, theoretically, or it's just not cost effective?
 
  • #106
How much it would cost America to go all-nuke

Pengwuino said:
How much would it cost to build enough nuclear power plants for our countrys power needs?
For electrical power:

We have ~500 gigawatts of total electrical generation capacity, right now, and ~100 gigawatts of nuclear. 400 gigawatts would cost $600 billion, if we could count on the plants/units to cost $1,500 per kilowatt.

As far as how many nuke gigawatts we would need in order to provide America's entire energy needs, America currently runs on ~100 quads (quadrillion BTUs) of energy per year. A gigawatt-electric reactor can make ~8 terawatt-hours of electrical energy per year. 100 quads is 29,300 terawatt-hours, so we would need ~3663 gigawatts of electrical generation capacity. (I am going to assume that transportation fuels can be synthesized by nukes from water and CO2 with roughly the same efficiency as nukes make electricity, and I am going to ignore that manufacturing iron and steel, etc., would use nuclear heat directly.) Since this is 3563 gigawatts over our current nuke capacity, we would have to spend $5.3 trillion (the total U.S. economy is only ~$11 trillion).

There would undoubtedly be economies of scale, so it would not really cost that much. Plus, as I said, I ignored the fact that heat can be tapped from nukes directly -- for the industrial processes that require heat -- much more efficiently than it can be generated from nukes first making the heat into electricity. If we only needed 3 gigawatts-electric capacity, and if it only cost us $1,000 per kilowatt-electric of capacity, the tab would come to a more-reasonable $3 trillion.
 
  • #107
One cost not included with projections for nuclear power is the cost of decommissioning. As I understand things, it is argued that the complete cost for decommissioning can far exceed the cost of building the plant. In one lecture that I attended in college, it was argued that we don't even know the real cost of decommissioning the largest reactors. The estimates cited were staggering. Also, the real cost of responsible waste management will be huge. If its not, watch out! I have also read that we should look at the fuel recycling program used in France. At least some proponents claim that the French do this quite well.
 
  • #108
Emission benefit-levels vs feature-levels; and America's unlimited supply of gasoline

Ivan Seeking said:
we talked about this once before wrt the hybrid autos. People are buying them.
They are not, and they will not ever. Industry analysts estimate a maximum eventual market penetration for hybrids of 3%. Toyota publicly admits that it produces hybrids at a loss, and that it never expects to make money from them. Toyota publicly states that it considers hybrids a "marketing expense."



The thing about the air-car is that is has zero emissions
That would be a feature, if it were true (see below*[/color]). People buy benefits. There are technologies for gasoline-engine cars that can reduce the emissions far below current levels. It doesn't matter if a car has "zero emissions." Zero emissions would provide the same benefit as a low-emission gasoline car, if the gasoline car could achieve the desired low-emission level needed to qualify as a benefit. What is needed here to decide of the "zero emission" car has an edge is what the benefit threshold for lowness of emissions is defined as. According to the market right now, gasoline cars already meet the cleanliness benefit threshold. We know this because the market is regecting cleaner gasoline cars are rejected, price-point for price-point, in favor of dirtier gasoline cars with better performance/luxury/safety/looks. And the manufacturers are twiddling their thumbs, sitting on technology that can make gasoline cars even cleaner than P-ZEV, because they know they can't incorporate that technology into their cars in this market that is clearly rejecting clean cars.

*[/color]Two reasons you cannot have a zero emission vehicle are that all cars emit particulates from their bodies and from their tires. Gasoline cars emit so little particulate pollution from their drivetrains these days that their tires account for more.



Oh yes, I throw out the suggestion for your consideration that in addition to meeting stiffer clean air standards, the size of personal vehicles should be limited somehow. Perhaps lanes could be dedicated to vehicles under a certain weight, or some roads could be for small vehicles only.
If this is for efficiency, the United States has the potential capability of producing unlimited amounts of gasoline continuously for the next ~10,000 years. What might be the point of rationing energy?

There are three points I think stand out as most important in transportation energy thinking today:

  1. The United States has the potential capability of producing unlimited amounts of gasoline continuously for the next ~10,000 years from water, CO2, and nuclear energy.

  2. Gasoline cars can be made far cleaner-running than they are, and perhaps clean enough to qualify for benefit levels if only the benefit levels would be listed instead of assumed to be unreachable by gasoline engines produced in a market that has decided that even the current best gasoline engines in terms of emissions (P-ZEV; there are several hyper-low-emission gasoline P-ZEV vehicles on the market) are not as attractive as vehicles with worse emissions but better performance/luxury/safety/looks for the same price.

  3. Gasoline offers a level of performance that is considered by the American market to be a benefit, not just a feature.


Since you have there addressed energy supply and energy use emissions, what is the point of looking for an alternative to gasoline/diesel/kerosine?
 
  • #109
How do you make gasoline from those 2 'ingrediants'?

Sounds like the dream of an alchemist
 
  • #110
The value of the power produced vs associated costs

Ivan Seeking said:
One cost not included with projections for nuclear power is the cost of decommissioning.
Advanced reactors can run longer. 100 years is not a far-out possibility and has been mentioned many times in the nuclear-engineering/nuclear-management literature. And it does not cost anything to mothball a plant. Throw up a chainlink fence and a "Keep Out" sign and you have yourself a nature preserve.



As I understand things, it is argued that the complete cost for decommissioning can far exceed the cost of building the plant.
That is correct, and the same is true for all types of solar and solar derivative-power plants. You should see the estimates for decomissioning wind power plants. They tend to be pretty shocking to people who think you just drive up, pull the tower down, and haul it away.



In one lecture that I attended in college, it was argued that we don't even know the real cost of decommissioning the largest reactors. The estimates cited were staggering.
That's OK. The value of the power provided by a 40-year plant is quite a but more staggering and, unlike that produced from any solar and solar-derivative power plant types except for hydro, pays for that plant's own decomissioning.



Also, the real cost of responsible waste management will be huge.
Again, the value of the power produced is quite a bit huger. Every nuclear kilowatt-hour produced in America is taxed one-tenth of a cent to pay for ultimate spent-fuel dispensation. Even with the relatively few plants we have had for the last few decades, we have collected $18 billion toward final disposal. Multiply that by 30 and you have $600 billion. Again, that is a tiny fraction of the value of the energy produced.



I have also read that we should look at the fuel recycling program used in France.
France invested in recycling way back in the 1970's because it was scared of uranium price spikes. It was a mistake. France's recycling program is messy and is largely responsible for the 14-cent/kwh price of electricity there. And it turns out that recycling only makes financial sense when mined uranium costs more than $700 per kilogram. Today it costs between $10 and $20 per kilogram and there are many estimates of seawater uranium mining (this is the 10,000-year uranium resource) that put the cost only as high as $100-$200.

Our once-through system is much cleaner and cheaper and may be more proliferation-resistant than France's system.



At least some proponents claim that the French do this quite well.
If they do it quite well, one might wonder why they have had major public scandals regarding unauthorized spills from their recycling plant.
 
  • #111
Building a better gasoline, from scratch

Pengwuino said:
How do you make gasoline from those 2 'ingrediants'?
Water provides hydrogen and CO2 provides carbon. Hydrocarbons are chains of hydrogenated carbon. No alchemy is required.
http://www.ecn.nl/biomassa/research/poly/ftsynthesis.en.html

--
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

The reaction affords mainly aliphatic straight-chain hydrocarbons (CxHy). Besides these straight-chain hydrocarbons also branched hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons (olefins), and primary alcohols are formed in minor quantities. The kind of liquid obtained is determined by the process parameters (temperature, pressure), the kind of reactor, and the catalyst used. Typical operation conditions for the FT synthesis are a temperature range of 200-350°C and pressures of 15-40 bar, depending on the process.


Products

The subsequent FT chain-growth process is comparable with a polymerisation process resulting in a distribution of chain-lengths of the products. In general the product range includes the light hydrocarbons methane (CH4) and ethane (C2), LPG (C3-C4), gasoline (C5-C12), diesel (C13-C22), and light oils and waxes (C23-C32 and >C33, respectively). The distribution of the products depends on the catalyst and the process operation conditions (temperature, pressure, and residence time).
--


The gasoline you put in your car is already synthetically hydrogenated to the point where it accounts for 5% of the heat energy released in your engine. What nuclear synthetic gasoline would do is move that 5% up to the level of 100% synthetic hydrogenation, and also synthetically form the carbon chains.

To get the raw material CO2 from the atmosphere, the same techniques currently used in underground-mine safe-rooms, submarines, and space stations to extract CO2 from the air might be used.
 
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  • #112
Spent nuclear fuel dispensation

2CentsWorth said:
So if nuclear power has become safer, and the waste remains the concern
Waste has never been a major nuclear-power concern. Waste is more of a problem per kwh of energy produced in regards to coal, natural gas, and all forms of solar, and solar-derivative, power including hydro.



what happened to the ideas about shooting it into the sun?
To get something from the Earth to the sun, you don't shoot it. You cancel its orbital velocity and it drops. The extra velocity needed to escape the solar system from the Earth is less than the velocity of the earth. For that reason, it would make more sense to shoot it out of the solar system than to drop it to the sun.

The sun, also, would not allow the waste to enter. The waste would be reduced to ionized atoms near the surface of the sun and be blown back up/out with the solar wind. On its way out of the solar system, much of it would be intercepted by the Earth where it would be captured in the Earth's ionosphere and stay there until the next pole shift, whereupon it would drop down into the atmosphere and sprinkle from there onto the surface of the earth.



Not realistic, either logistically, theoretically, or it's just not cost effective?
Very little nuclear waste is produced, relative to the amount of nuclear power produced. No one has yet come up with a good reason why it shouldn't be placed in a small vault in the ground, or even simply dropped into an ocean.
phyast.pitt.edu/~blc/book/chapter11.html

--
For nuclear waste, a simple, quick, and easy disposal method would be to convert the waste into a glass — a technology that is well in hand — and simply drop it into the ocean at random locations.5 No one can claim that we don't know how to do that! With this disposal, the waste produced by one power plant in one year would eventually cause an average total of 0.6 fatalities, spread out over many millions of years, by contaminating seafood. Incidentally, this disposal technique would do no harm to ocean ecology. In fact, if all the world's electricity were produced by nuclear power and all the waste generated for the next hundred years were dumped in the ocean, the radiation dose to sea animals would never be increased by as much as 1% above its present level from natural radioactivity.
--


The reason why tens of billions of dollars are spent on nuclear waste management is that the institutions involved with that waste management have mandates to spend as much money as is reasonably possible (ALARA; risk reduced to As Low As Reasonably Achievable). Since trillions of dollars worth of power are being produced, reasonably possible gets defined as whatever would cost tens of billions of dollars.
 
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  • #113
That was some time ago, and my recollection was that it was a hoax. Whether or not this idea was presented by serious scientists or not, now I remember the issue of the waste being blown back by solar winds.

It seems nuclear energy is far less risky now and the waste can be dealt with just as reasonably as any other waste, or better when compared to fossil fuels. However, and returning to the OP, how can the public view about nuclear power be changed? It would seem to me that the government needs to take the lead--it's not something that can be done on an individual basis.

In reference to what individuals can do, and examples discussed regarding something as singular as heating water, even this seems to present obstacles to an individual--assuming the individual is even aware that such technology is available. If such technologies were to be utilized by developers/home builders, the matter could be dealt with much better. So once again, it will probably require government initiative along with industry to really make a change.
 
  • #114
Hitssquad, you need to cite your sources. Your are too loose with your facts.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/upi/index.php?feed=Science&article=UPI-1-20050412-07443000-bc-us-hybrids.xml
 
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  • #115
hitssquad said:
That would be a feature, if it were true (see below*[/color]). People buy benefits. There are technologies for gasoline-engine cars that can reduce the emissions far below current levels. It doesn't matter if a car has "zero emissions." Zero emissions would provide the same benefit as a low-emission gasoline car, if the gasoline car could achieve the desired low-emission level needed to qualify as a benefit. What is needed here to decide of the "zero emission" car has an edge is what the benefit threshold for lowness of emissions is defined as. According to the market right now, gasoline cars already meet the cleanliness benefit threshold. We know this because the market is regecting cleaner gasoline cars are rejected, price-point for price-point, in favor of dirtier gasoline cars with better performance/luxury/safety/looks. And the manufacturers are twiddling their thumbs, sitting on technology that can make gasoline cars even cleaner than P-ZEV, because they know they can't incorporate that technology into their cars in this market that is clearly rejecting clean cars.

What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of an internal combustion engine?

*[/color]Two reasons you cannot have a zero emission vehicle are that all cars emit particulates from their bodies and from their tires. Gasoline cars emit so little particulate pollution from their drivetrains these days that their tires account for more.

Okay fine, we need to look at tires and drive-trains, but that is a separate issue from cars ready to drive now. The air-car seems to be an option worthy of consideration for crowded cities. Zero emissions less the grid seems to be pretty good. The significant question is: What is the environmental price for grid powered autos?

If this is for efficiency, the United States has the potential capability of producing unlimited amounts of gasoline continuously for the next ~10,000 years. What might be the point of rationing energy?

Can you cite the well-to-wheels efficiency of this process? Or, what is the total energy cost per gallon of gasoline. And we need real, not theoretical values. We know the real price for other options. Next, could you provide links to hyper-efficient autos that will available, or at least ready to market soon? I hadn't heard of hyper-clean combustion technologies as such.

But I want to again stress the idea that we could put tremendous pressure on drivers to buy efficient vehicles by making large car drivers pay a convenience price. The more I think about this the more I like it. Let's say that we designate vehicles that meet certain high environmental standards as Type A vehicles, for example. And these autos are clearly designated, and they get privileges such as those for car-pooling and such now. We could even limit all other vehicles, with certain exceptions, to the first two lanes of all interstates and major highways, and set the speed limit at 55 MPH for those autos and trucks, as for tractor-trailers now.
 
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  • #116
No man, let's just blame everything on environmentalists. I mean just by the name one can tell they are anti-environment!
 
  • #117
Hybrid vehicle demand in perspective

Ivan Seeking said:
Hitssquad, you need to cite your sources. Your are too loose with your facts.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/upi/index.php?feed=Science&article=UPI-1-20050412-07443000-bc-us-hybrids.xml
sciencedaily.com said:
NEW YORK, April 12 (UPI) -- Some used models of Toyota's super-efficient gas-electric Prius hybrid car are selling in the United States for more than they cost new.
Hybrids cost more used than new because battery-production is bottlenecking the production of the cars and production is below demand. Demand is higher than production because hybrid is a marketable feature with enough of a minority of car buyers. This does not imply that terminal market penetration will ever be over the 3% that has been estimated by J.D. Power-LMC Automotive Forecasting Services.

Hybrids do not significantly impact CAFE compliance because so few are sold. The high-mileage models that Toyota sells below cost in order to comply with CAFE standards are the Echo and the Scion xA and xB.



http://www.autoweek.com/news.cms?newsId=101587

--
Lutz said GM "missed the boat" on a marketing opportunity with hybrids -- an opportunity Toyota Motor Corp. has played to its advantage.

"We business-cased it, took a hard, analytical look and thought the engineering and investment were irresponsible vis-a-vis our shareholders," he said. "We failed to appreciate what Toyota has basically treated as an advertising expense."

Lutz said GM was doubtful the business case for hybrids would work.

In hindsight, "we should have said, 'We'll lose $100 million a year on hybrids, but we'll take our advertising budget of $3 billion, make it $2.9 billion and treat it as an advertising expense,' " he said.
--


http://www.caranddriver.com/article.asp?section_id=30&article_id=9194&page_number=1

--
Insignificant Future Seen for Hybrids

The Daily Auto Insider
Friday, February 4, 2005
February 2005

Hybrid vehicles — which typically draw power from a gas or diesel engine combined with an electric motor — will probably peak at about a minuscule three percent of the total U.S. market by 2010, The Associated Press reported, citing a new study from the forecasting arm of J.D. Power and Associates.

Roughly 88,000 hybrids were sold in the United States in 2004, about one-half of 1 percent of total vehicle sales. This year, the number of hybrid models is expected to increase to 11 from eight, and sales will grow to 200,000, or about 1.2 percent of the market, J.D. Power-LMC Automotive Forecasting Services says.

J.D. Power-LMC expects the number of models to expand to 38 by 2011 — 17 cars and 21 trucks and sport-utility vehicles — but that sales will plateau that year at about 535,000, or roughly 3 percent of the U.S. market.

"This is related primarily to the price premium of $3,000 to $4,000 consumers must pay for a hybrid vehicle, compared with a comparable non-hybrid...[and] competing technologies such as more fuel-efficient gasoline and diesel options that will be available after 2006," said Anthony Pratt, senior manager of global powertrain forecasting at J.D. Power-LMC, according to the AP.
--


Do hybrids really get good gas mileage?
http://motortrend.com/features/news/112_news004/

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The EPA's numbers are almost always wrong, inflating mileage by 15 percent to 30 percent, critics say.

[...]

"It's just wrong that inflated labels mislead consumers into thinking they are getting better mileage on the road, and a better deal at the gas pump, than they really are," a summary of the bill prepared by Cantwell's office said.
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Vehicle ownership costs actually drop with rising gas prices:
http://motortrend.com/features/news/112_news050322_fuel/

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AAA's 2005 edition of "Your Driving Costs" shows the average cost of driving a passenger vehicle in the United States is nearly unchanged from one year ago; despite higher costs for gasoline.

This year AAA estimates it will cost an average of 56.1 cents per mile or $8,410 per year to own and operate a new passenger car, compared to $56.2 cents per mile or $8,431 annually in 2004.
--


The Prius is torture to drive:
http://www.roadandtrack.com/article.asp?section_id=4&article_id=2172&page_number=2

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The sign-up board has spoken, and hardly anybody wants to drive it anymore! We can't fault its frugality (an average mpg of 41.1 is nothing to sneeze at), but we can point to the very uninspiring driving experience. Plus, let's face it: The thing's kinda goofy-looking.

•I suffered…for nine days and 1500 miles. While the Prius actually moves quite well in a straight line, the handling is downright pitiful. The steering is so slow and the handling so mushy that after a quick lane change, the car continues to move around on its suspension like a Bobblehead for about 3 seconds after the maneuver.
--


The Prius is torture to drive, Part II:
http://www.caranddriver.com/article.asp?section_id=3&article_id=7701&page_number=2

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anyone who buys a Prius as fashionable, commodious transportation will likely be annoyed by the car's efficiency-related quirks and will probably never realize the full value of its exotic technology. To them, the acceleration will just seem slow—at 11.3 seconds to 60 mph, it is 2.5 seconds more lethargic than the dawdler of our sedan pack, the Subaru Legacy L. That it is 1.7 seconds quicker than the previous Prius will provide little consolation.

They're also likely to be put off by the sometimes nonlinear acceleration that results as the various propulsion systems vie for the opportunity to provide traction. They'll find themselves using the cruise control a lot more than one might in a "normal" car, because without it, maintaining a constant speed requires a bit more throttle adjustment than they're accustomed to. And finally, the whole starting and shifting ritual will seem peculiar to anyone whose Prius doesn't share garage space with a BMW 7-series: Sit down, press the rectangular key into the slot, press the separate button marked "power," then wait a beat or two for the "ready" lamp to come on, hit the brakes, then move the dash-mounted stub of a shifter to R, D, or B.

[...]

DANIEL PUND [...] What I’d overlooked is the power of image. When selling complicated, expensive technology aimed at saving owners a little bit of really cheap fuel, you don’t want to offer something that looks or operates like a normal car. You want a car that will advertise clearly its non-regular-car status. Slicker of shape and smoother of operation, the still distinctly non-car-like Prius still does this well.

AARON ROBINSON The Prius makes good apparel. Put it on, and the message is clear: “This one is green.” As a car—just another 3000 pounds of stamped steel, molded plastic, cut glass, nonrecyclable rubber, heavy metals, and paint—it’s mediocre. Slow, numb steering means the nose wanders at will on the freeway. The computerized brakes are hard to modulate, and the computerized throttle has trouble keeping a speed without computerized aid from the cruise control. The fuel saving is measurable but not worth the trade-offs. If you want to be green, buy a bicycle. If merely appearing green is enough, go for the Prius. If you want the best car for the money, look elsewhere.
--
 
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  • #118
New Gallup Poll Information (May 3rd):

Nuclear Power

Some observers have long advocated increased use of nuclear power as a way to solve energy problems, and Bush last week offered some moral support for the nuclear power industry, calling for construction of more nuclear power plants to increase domestic energy production.

Americans approve of the use of nuclear power in general: 54% somewhat or strongly favor its use while 43% either somewhat or strongly oppose it. There is continuing evidence of the NIMBY (Not in My Backyard) phenomenon when it comes to nuclear power, however. Asked about a nuclear power plant in their own local community, 63% of Americans oppose the idea, with only 36% favoring it.
 
  • #119
Not many people know about the energy crisis besides what they hear on television. The only effect that they see are the rising prices of gas at the pump, and maybe smog if they live in a large city. There is a fear of nuclear power that once nuclear waste is buried in the Earth it will always be radioactive and will seep into water. The fear of accidents like 3 Mile Island and Chernobyl discourage people from wanting a nuclear power plant in their community. Even television and movies make nuclear power out to be a dangerous thing, while there aren't many that show the dangers of smog. If people were better educated about nucler energy then there would be less resistance to it.

The 3 Mile Island incident released enough radiation that there is a good chance that 1 person would die. 30'000 - 60'000 people are estimated to die from the Chernobyl accident. Tens of thousands of people die every year from fossil fuels. That does not include many more that suffer health problems from fossil fuels.

Nuclear power plants only account for about half of the current low level radioactive waste in this nation. Nuclear waste comes from dozens of other industrial processes including generating electricity from fossil fuels.

More than 90% of the radioactive waste that comes from nuclear power plants is low level radioactive waste. France has built many nuclear power plants and they process their own waste as well as some of the waste of other nations. Over 40% of their energy needs are met by their nuclear power plants and they have had a very successful track record in managing this waste. (Although I did read something lately about rabbits found with very high levels of radioactivity that were near a waste disposal site.) Considering the relatively small size of their nation in comparison with the U.S. we should also have plenty of room to store radioactive waste far away from communities. (Bush approved a waste site in the Yucca mountains recently.)

Nuclear power isn't completely safe, but it is much safer than fossil fuels at the moment. Considering the dwindling supply of fossil fuels and the reliance on other nations to provide it, why are we not building more nuclear power plants? Perhaps it is because Bush has a personal interest in the oil companies. The oil companies are influential in politics. And environmentalists who would preserve nature at the expense of humanity while they drive around in their SUVs and have a television on in every room of their house. Conservation makes much more sense to me than Environmentalism.
 
  • #120
Huckleberry said:
Not many people know about the energy crisis besides what they hear on television.
So how does the public become more educated/informed? Data presented earlier indicates that people trust environmentalist organizations more than the government.
Huckleberry said:
Perhaps it is because Bush has a personal interest in the oil companies. The oil companies are influential in politics.
Could this be why?
Huckleberry said:
(Bush approved a waste site in the Yucca mountains recently.)
Provided earlier in this thread:
April 16, 2002 - Core Opinions: Americans and Nuclear Power
by Darren K. Carlson, Government and Politics Editor

This past February, President Bush selected Nevada's Yucca Mountain as a permanent site for storing thousands of tons of America's nuclear power plant waste. Nevada's Republican governor, Kenny Guinn, opposes the decision, contending that it would be unsafe to transport the waste to Yucca Mountain and store it there. With concerns about the United States' dependence on foreign oil driving the exploration of alternative forms of power, nuclear energy is being re-examined; and the nation's leaders and public must weigh their energy concerns against environmental ones.
Plants have been placed away from populations, which have met less resistance. This can be done, especially in the western states. Though there is a significant upfront cost, now is the time while gas prices are high.
Huckleberry said:
And environmentalists who would preserve nature at the expense of humanity while they drive around in their SUVs and have a television on in every room of their house. Conservation makes much more sense to me than Environmentalism.
I'm not an environmentalist in the sense of belonging to any organization, and we may recall looking back in history that environmentalists argued against dams as well--ridiculous. However, this business of making statements such as environmentalists drive SUVs is just as silly as saying they prefer the use of coal (neither of which can be documented), and I'd say most Americans own at least one TV, which BTW are not big energy users on the spectrum of things.

So returning to the OP, and the role of government, in other threads on this topic it has been noted that Bush's dismissal of global warming has not been helpful. More recently there was a post about neocons in the Bush administration who now support alternative energy because of a sudden realization that dependence on foreign oil sucks. I did not find this to be impressive, but rather sad because the environment was never enough impetus for these people. The right-wing conservatives seem to cast blame on environmentalists and individuals more than government and industry, which was also shown earlier in this thread:
Age and Politics Influence Environmental Attitudes

The public's willingness to place environmental protection above economic growth is far from universal -- there is significant variance by age and political affiliation, for example. Republicans and older Americans are less likely to prioritize the environment.

Thirty-seven percent of Republicans say they favor environmental protection over economic growth, while 51% would put economic growth ahead of the environment. A majority of independents (59%) place environmental protection first, while just 3 in 10 (31%) pick growing the economy. Among Democrats, two-thirds (66%) choose protecting the environment as the higher priority, while 24% choose economic growth.
When the right-wing conservatives get off their capitalist agenda, maybe progress will be made.
 

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