Rotating and translating spool across a table

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the dynamics of a uniform spool of mass M and diameter d on a frictionless table, connected to a weight m via a massless string. The initial analysis incorrectly separates translational and rotational motion, leading to confusion about the relationship between tension and torque. The correct approach requires integrating both motions, as the acceleration of the falling mass differs from that of the spool due to unwinding. The final velocity of the weight m when the spool reaches the edge of the table can be derived using the combined equations of motion.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's laws of motion
  • Familiarity with rotational dynamics, including torque and moment of inertia
  • Knowledge of kinematic equations for linear and angular motion
  • Concept of tension in strings and its relationship to forces in a system
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the relationship between linear acceleration and angular acceleration in rotational systems
  • Learn about the moment of inertia for different shapes, particularly cylinders and spools
  • Explore the concept of energy conservation in systems involving both translational and rotational motion
  • Investigate the effects of friction on rotational motion and how it alters the equations of motion
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Students and educators in physics, particularly those studying mechanics, as well as engineers working with rotational systems and dynamics.

hadsox
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Homework Statement


A uniform spool of mass M and diameter d rests on end on a frictionless table. A massless string wrapped around the spool is attached to a weight m which hangs over the edge of the table. If the spool is released from rest when its center of mass is a distance l from the edge of the table, what is the velocity of the weight m when the center of mass of the spool reaches the edge of the table?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


My attempt:
I thought of breaking up the problem into two cases and the combining them at the end.

case1: Pretend no rotation:

With no rotation the spool has forces Tension acting on it. T = Ma
The mass attached to the string has forces Tension and gravity. solved for T' = mg - ma
Since the acceleration for both we can get to [a = (mg)/(M+m)
So, we can get a final velocity of v = √(2*(mg)/(M+m)*l). where I started with vf2 = vi2+2*a*l, l being the displacement of the spool on the table.

Case2: Pretend no translation:

With no translation, I believe then the Tension and Torque are equal to each other. Then we can get α = (τ/I). and we can get θ = l/(π*d),
What I end up using is the angular kinematics to get ωf= √(2*(τ/I)*(l/(π*d))

So this is my work...am I on the rigth track or completely wrong? And how can I relate these two to get a uniform equation?
 
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hadsox said:

Homework Statement


A uniform spool of mass M and diameter d rests on end on a frictionless table. A massless string wrapped around the spool is attached to a weight m which hangs over the edge of the table. If the spool is released from rest when its center of mass is a distance l from the edge of the table, what is the velocity of the weight m when the center of mass of the spool reaches the edge of the table?

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


My attempt:
I thought of breaking up the problem into two cases and the combining them at the end.

case1: Pretend no rotation:

With no rotation the spool has forces Tension acting on it. T = Ma
The mass attached to the string has forces Tension and gravity. solved for T' = mg - ma
Since the acceleration for both we can get to [a = (mg)/(M+m)
So, we can get a final velocity of v = √(2*(mg)/(M+m)*l). where I started with vf2 = vi2+2*a*l, l being the displacement of the spool on the table.

Case2: Pretend no translation:

With no translation, I believe then the Tension and Torque are equal to each other.
Torque has units of force x length whereas tension has units of force. How can they possibly be equal to each other?

Then we can get α = (τ/I). and we can get θ = l/(π*d),
The table's frictionless, right? So the spool is probably going to slip, and your expression for ##\theta## won't hold.

What I end up using is the angular kinematics to get ωf= √(2*(τ/I)*(l/(π*d))

So this is my work...am I on the rigth track or completely wrong? And how can I relate these two to get a uniform equation?
You can't look at the translational and rotational motion separately.

Note that the acceleration of the falling mass isn't going to be the same as the acceleration of the spool because the spool will unwind as the mass falls.
 
hadsox said:
I thought of breaking up the problem into two cases and the combining them at the end.
As vela notes, you cannot do that. For future reference, it was probably not a good strategy to do the work for the separate cases before having any idea how you would combine them.
 
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