If you had a transformer which had two windings with a turns ratio of 5 times as many turns on one winding as the other, and you connected 120 volts across the larger winding, you could get 24 volts across the smaller winding.
If you connected them the other way around, you might get 600 volts.
A complication you need to know about is that the winding with 120 volts across it needs to have enough inductance to stop a large current flowing in that winding.
Otherwise, the transformer could be destroyed.
A rough guide for small transformers is that there should be about 5 turns of wire for each volt put across the winding.
So you can't just have 5 turns and 1 turn and have it work at 120 volts.