Show that radial worldlines with u = const are outgoing null rays

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SUMMARY

The discussion establishes that radial worldlines with constant u (where u = t - r_{\star}) represent outgoing null rays in the context of Schwarzschild coordinates. By rearranging the differential equation for dt and substituting it into the line element, the outgoing Eddington-Finkelstein line element is derived as ds² = -(1 - 2M/r) du² - 2du dr + r² dΩ². This formulation confirms that constant u (du = 0) and radial motion (dθ = dφ = 0) yield a null interval (ds² = 0), indicating the nature of outgoing radial null geodesics.

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  • Understanding of Schwarzschild coordinates in general relativity
  • Familiarity with Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates
  • Knowledge of null geodesics and their significance in spacetime
  • Basic grasp of differential geometry and line elements
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Homework Statement
The transformation from Schwarzschild coordinates (t,r,θ,φ) to outgoing Eddington– Finkelstein coordinates (u, r′, θ′, φ′) is given by
u = t−r∗
r′ = r
θ′ = θ
φ′ = φ,
where r∗ satisfies dr∗/dr = (1−2M/r)−1. Use the rule for the coordinate transformation
of metric components to obtain the line element in the (u, r′, θ′, φ′) coordinates.

(b) Show that radial worldlines with u = const are outgoing null rays.

I have managed part a but am not sure how to show how the line element I have is null.

I have used the fact that u = t−r∗ suggests du=0 and ## d{\Omega}^2## = 0 to simplify the line element in (a) and give the result below. Does anyone know how I can show that the result is null?
Relevant Equations
u = t−r∗
r∗ satisfies dr∗/dr = (1−2M/r)−1
$$ ds^2 = -(1-\frac{2M}{r'})(\frac{\frac{r'}{2M} -1+2M}{\frac{r'}{2M}-1})(dr')^2+(1-\frac{2M}{r'})^-1 (dr')^2 $$
 
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With ##u = t-r_{\star}## you have $$du = dt - \frac{dr}{(1-\tfrac{2M}{r})}$$You rearrange this for ##dt## and stick that into the line element in Schwarzshild coordinates. You end up with the outgoing Eddington Finkelstein line element,$$ds^2 = -(1-\tfrac{2M}{r}) du^2 - 2du dr + r^2 d\Omega^2$$Manifestly, constant ##u## (##du = 0##) and radial motion (##d\theta = d\phi = 0##) corresponds to ##ds^2 = 0##.

Why outgoing? In terms of the Regge-Wheeler coordinate, the line element is ##ds^2 = -(1-\tfrac{2M}{r})[-dt^2 + dr_{\star}^2] + r^2 d\Omega^2##. That means radial null geodesics correspond to ##dt/dr_{\star} = \pm 1##, or equivalently ##t \mp r_{\star} = \mathrm{const}## along radial null geodesics. The minus-sign option is outgoing, i.e. ##u := t-r_{\star} = \mathrm{const}## along the outgoing radial null geodesics.
 

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