Solve Particle Motion to Origin: Mechanics Question

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on solving the mechanics problem involving a particle of mass m released from rest at a distance b from a fixed origin, with a force described by the inverse square law, F(x) = -kx^(-2). The correct time for the particle to reach the origin is established as t = π√(mb³/8k). The participant initially attempted to solve the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) m \ddot{x} + kx^{-2} = 0 but shifted focus to potential energy integration, leading to the expression V(x) = -1/x + K. The discussion emphasizes the importance of using separation of variables and suggests a trigonometric substitution for the integral involved.

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  • Understanding of classical mechanics, specifically Newton's laws of motion.
  • Familiarity with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and their solutions.
  • Knowledge of potential energy concepts and integration techniques.
  • Experience with variable substitution methods in calculus.
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  • Study the method of separation of variables in solving differential equations.
  • Learn about trigonometric substitution techniques for integral calculus.
  • Explore the implications of the inverse square law in physics problems.
  • Review potential energy and its relationship to force in classical mechanics.
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Students and educators in physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics and differential equations, as well as anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of particle motion under inverse square law forces.

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Homework Statement


Hi, I'd just like to know if I'm on the right track or a hint or something to help. The problem is: "A particle of mass m is released from rest a distance b from a fixed origin of force that attracts the particle according to the inverse square law:

F(x) = -kx^(-2). Show that the time required for the particle to reach the origin is
[tex]\pi \sqrt{ \frac{mb^3}{8k}}[/tex]

Homework Equations


F = ma, dV/dx = -F

The Attempt at a Solution


Initially, I rather hoped to solve the ODE [tex]m \ddot{x} + kx^{-2} = 0[/tex]
However, this was nonlinear and I didn't know how to solve it analytically.

So, I decided to look at the potential. I know the negative derivative of the potential with respect to x is the force. So, I separated and integrated and got
[tex]V(x) = \int kx^{-2} dx = \frac{-1}{x} + K = \frac{mv^2}{2}[/tex]. I know that when x = b, my velocity is zero (released from rest), so I get the K, the constant of integration, should be 1/b.

So, my idea now was to solve for velocity as a function of x. I then could call velocity dx/dt, separate and integrate hopefully. I then could set my x(t) = 0 and solve for t hopefully. This, however, did not work well. I got

[tex]v = \sqrt{ \frac{2k}{m} * ( 1/b - 1/x)) }[/tex] . Separation of variables (calling v = dx/dt) yielded the recipriocal of that fraction being integrated, which I was unaware of how to do, and did not look simple.

I'm pretty sure I'm approaching this problem in a far too difficult manner. Any hints or suggestions would be appreciated, I don't want a full solution, just a hint in the right direction. Thank you.
 
Last edited:
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Note that you forgot the k factor when you did the integral.

I think you're almost there... use separation of variables in the last part as you were going to... I think a variable substitution will allow you to solve that integral. Might be a trigonometric substitution since the answer has a [tex]\pi[/tex].
 

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