Solving a second-order differential equation

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on solving a nonlinear second-order differential equation given by the expression: y'' - ((y')^2)/y + (2(y')^2)/y^2 - ((y')^4)/y^4 = 0, with initial conditions y(0) = 1 and y'(0) = 0. Participants suggest various approaches, including using an ansatz of the form y = e^(kt) and transforming the equation into a first-order form by substituting y' = p. Ultimately, the solution y(t) = 1 is confirmed as valid, while other methods, including numerical solutions via Mathematica's NDSolve, are recommended for further exploration.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of second-order differential equations
  • Familiarity with initial value problems
  • Knowledge of ansatz methods in differential equations
  • Experience with numerical methods, particularly in Mathematica
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore the method of reducing second-order ODEs to first-order equations
  • Learn how to implement NDSolve in Mathematica for numerical solutions
  • Investigate the use of ansatz techniques for solving nonlinear differential equations
  • Study examples of similar nonlinear ODEs to understand solution strategies
USEFUL FOR

Mathematics students, researchers in applied mathematics, and anyone interested in solving complex differential equations will benefit from this discussion.

  • #31
haruspex said:
You seem to have squared part of ##\frac{du}{dt}## twice. The left hand term above should reduce to 1/2.

I am sorry I should apologize because the solution to our ODE is not a geodesic, because we are solving the wrong ODE.

Not solving this problem has been eating me up. So, I revisited our previous calculations tonight, made sure to be extra careful not to make errors and ended up with the following. I still have not learned how to write LaTex equations, so these were typed in Microsoft Word, and these will not show up in quoted messages.

Screen Shot 2021-01-12 at 1.05.03 AM.png

Screen Shot 2021-01-12 at 1.05.11 AM.png
Screen Shot 2021-01-12 at 1.05.15 AM.png


I am unable to solve this nonlinear second order ODE by any method I am familiar with.

Is anyone able to compute it using Mathematica or Wolfram Αlpha?

Thank you.
 
Last edited:
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  • #32
Acccording to DSolve in Mathematica, the fearful ODE $$\frac{d^2u}{dt^2}=\frac{1}{u^3}-\Big(\frac{u^4+1}{u^5}\Big)\Big(\frac{du}{dt}\Big)^2$$
has "closed form" solutions given by...

Screen Shot 2021-02-23 at 4.49.41 PM.png
 
  • #33
By using DSolve with initial value conditions,

$$\frac{d^2u}{dt^2}=\frac{1}{u^3}-\Big(\frac{u^4+1}{u^5}\Big)\Big(\frac{du}{dt}\Big)^2\Rightarrow u(t)=\sqrt{1+t^2}$$
 
  • #34
(g) we plug ##u(t)## into the unit speed equation to find
$$\frac{dv}{dt}=\Big(\frac{t^4+t^2+1}{(1+t^2)^3}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}$$

which is a separable equation, when trying to compute
$$v(t)=\int \Big(\frac{t^4+t^2+1}{(1+t^2)^3}\Big)^{\frac{1}{2}}dt$$

we cannot find an explicit closed form solution
 

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