I Source of the damping force in Lorentz model

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The damping term in the Lorentz oscillator model is questioned regarding its origin, as it is understood that the spring term arises from electron-nucleus interactions and the driving term from external electric fields. Damping is characterized as the removal of energy from a vibratory system, which can occur through radiation or internal dissipation. The discussion highlights the challenge of explaining damping within the context of atomic structures, which are often perceived as empty. The need for a quantum mechanical explanation is emphasized, with a request for references to relevant literature. The inquiry reflects a broader interest in understanding the underlying mechanisms of damping at the atomic level.
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Lorentz oscillator model
Hi. I have got question about the damper term in lorentz oscillator model. I understand that "spring" term comes from interaction between nucleus and electron, driving term form external electric field acting on molecule. But I don't understand damping term. So my question is where does it come from? For me, damping phenomen must be associated with something (some matter) that slows down a given object. But how it can be possible inside atom which is empty? If this phenomen (term) cannot be explained by classical physics I would appreciate the reference to some quantum mechanical articles or books. Or maybe someone knows the answer to my question. I'd really appreciate if could tell me.
 
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Damping is the removal of energy from a vibratory system. The energy lost is either transmitted away from the system by some mechanism of radiation or dissipated within the system.

From "The role of damping in vibration theory" by S.H. Crandall (Journal of Sound and Vibration, Volume 11, Issue 1, January 1970, Pages 3-18)
 

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