Special relativity, circular motion

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the magnetic field strength required to maintain a charged particle in a circular orbit at relativistic speeds. The fundamental equation used is derived from the Lorentz force, expressed as qvB = m(v^2/R). However, when the particle approaches the speed of light, it is essential to incorporate relativistic effects, specifically using the relativistic mass represented by the Lorentz factor γ. The final formula for the magnetic field becomes B = (γmv)/(qR), ensuring accurate results under relativistic conditions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Lorentz force and its components
  • Familiarity with relativistic mass and the Lorentz factor (γ)
  • Knowledge of centripetal acceleration in circular motion
  • Basic principles of electromagnetism, particularly magnetic fields
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and implications of the Lorentz factor (γ) in relativistic physics
  • Explore the relationship between electric and magnetic fields in different reference frames
  • Learn about the applications of magnetic fields in particle accelerators
  • Investigate the effects of relativistic speeds on charged particle dynamics
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for physics students, educators, and researchers interested in electromagnetism and relativistic mechanics, particularly those studying charged particle motion in magnetic fields.

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Homework Statement


A charged particle (mass [itex]m[/itex], charge [itex]q[/itex]) is moving with constant speed [itex]v[/itex]. A magnetic field [itex]\vec{B}[/itex] is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle. Find the strength of the field required to hold the particle on a circular orbit of radius [itex]R[/itex].


Homework Equations


[itex]\vec{F} = q\vec{v} \times \vec{B}[/itex]
[itex]\vec{F} = m\vec{a}_c[/itex]


The Attempt at a Solution


Well, I know that in the "classical" case this is fairly easy. One just sets

[itex]qvB = ma[/itex],

and since [itex]a = \frac{v^2}{R}[/itex], one gets

[itex]qvB = m \frac{v^2}{R}[/itex]
[itex]\Rightarrow B = \frac{mv}{qR}[/itex]

However, I am not sure if I can use this here, because the particle is assumed to be traveling at close to the speed of light. I have read somewhere that I should use the relativistic mass in the calculation of the centripetal force, i.e.

[itex]F = \frac{\gamma m v^2}{R}[/itex],

but I am not sure why this is the case. Could anyone help?
 
Last edited:
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One way to see this is go into the momentarily comoving frame (not an inertial frame, obviously) of the particle. In this frame, the particle is at rest so the Lorentz force only comes from the electric field in this frame, which is: [itex]q E^{\prime} = \gamma q \mathbf{v} \times \mathbf{B}[/itex]
So it experiences a force which is perpendicular to both [itex]\mathbf{v}[/itex] and [itex]\mathbf{B}[/itex] with the [itex]\gamma[/itex] as promised.
 

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