Speed distribution function

In summary, the conversation involved finding the speed distribution function for a group of particles, given by dNv=k*dv if U>v>0 and dNv=0 if v>U. The goal was to find k in terms of N and U, draw a graph of the distribution function, compute the average and rms speed in terms of U, and compute the most probable speed. The solution involved using the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and ensuring that the speed distribution was normalized.
  • #1
Niko84
1
0

Homework Statement



The speed distribution function of a group N particles is given by:
dNv=k*dv if U>v>0
dNv=0 if v>U

1) find k in terms of N and U.
2) draw a graph of distribution function
3) compute the average and rms speed in terms of U.
4) compute the most probable speed


Homework Equations



f(v)=[tex]\left[\frac{m}{2\pi\kappa*T}\right]^{\frac{3}{2}}*exp\left(-\frac{mv^{2}}{2\kappa*T}\right)[/tex] - Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

[tex]\frac{dn_{v}}{n}[/tex]=4[tex]\pi*v^{2}*f(v)*dv[/tex] - speed distribution function

The Attempt at a Solution



1) k=4[tex]\pi*n*v^{2}*f(v)[/tex] - so I can draw a graph of the distribution function.
2) which function and how should I integrate in order to obtain k in terms of N and U?
3) is average speed = [tex]\int^{V}_{0}v*4\pi*v^{2}*f(v)dv[/tex] ?

Please help with the solution or link to a similar problem solution.
 
Last edited:
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  • #2
Why do you invlove Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution? Your given speed distrubtion was
dNv=k*dv if U>v>0
dNv=0 if v>U

Thus, you have for U>v>0: dN / N = k dv and for v >U: dN / N = 0

For a Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution you have ## \dfrac{dN}{N } = f(v) dv = 4\pi v^2\left( \dfrac{m}{2 \pi kT} \right)^{3/2} e^{-mv^2 / 2kT} \, dv##

You want to make sure your speed distribution is normalized, e.g. ## \int_0^\infty f(v) dv = N##
Which will turn to ## \int_0^U k dv = N## for your distribution.
 

What is a speed distribution function?

A speed distribution function is a mathematical function that describes the distribution of speeds of particles in a gas or liquid.

What is the significance of speed distribution function in physics?

The speed distribution function is important in physics as it helps us understand the behavior of particles in a system, such as their average speed, the spread of speeds, and the most probable speed. It also allows us to make predictions about the macroscopic properties of a system based on the microscopic behavior of its particles.

How is the speed distribution function related to temperature?

The speed distribution function is directly related to temperature. As the temperature of a system increases, the average speed of the particles also increases, and the spread of speeds becomes wider. This can be seen by examining the shape of the speed distribution function, which becomes broader and shifts to higher speeds as temperature increases.

What factors affect the shape of the speed distribution function?

The shape of the speed distribution function is affected by the mass and temperature of the particles, as well as the type of gas or liquid they are in. The size and shape of the container also play a role. In general, the speed distribution function for a gas will have a narrower range and peak at a higher speed than the speed distribution function for a liquid.

How is the speed distribution function experimentally determined?

The speed distribution function can be experimentally determined by measuring the velocities of a large number of particles in a system and then plotting a histogram of these velocities. The shape of the histogram will closely resemble the theoretical speed distribution function for that system. This can also be done using simulation software or mathematical models.

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