Spikes in CMOS Inverter transients

  • Thread starter Thread starter reddvoid
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Cmos Inverter
Click For Summary
SUMMARY

The forum discussion centers on the observation of voltage spikes in a CMOS inverter simulation conducted in Cadence. Users identified that the spikes occur during transitions from low to high and high to low output states, primarily due to parasitic capacitance, particularly gate-drain capacitance (Cgd) in the MOS transistors. The spikes are exacerbated by low rise and fall times of the input pulse signal and can be influenced by the choice of load capacitance and the threshold voltages of the MOSFETs. Recommendations include adjusting the rise time of the gate voltage and using appropriate load resistances to mitigate the observed spikes.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of CMOS inverter operation
  • Familiarity with Cadence simulation tools
  • Knowledge of parasitic capacitance effects in MOSFETs
  • Basic principles of voltage and current transitions in digital circuits
NEXT STEPS
  • Investigate the effects of parasitic capacitance in CMOS circuits
  • Learn about optimizing rise and fall times in digital signal inputs
  • Explore the impact of load capacitance on inverter performance
  • Review SPICE modeling techniques for analyzing MOSFET parameters
USEFUL FOR

Electrical engineers, circuit designers, and students involved in digital circuit design and simulation, particularly those working with CMOS technology and Cadence tools.

reddvoid
Messages
118
Reaction score
1
I am simulating cmos inverter in CADENCE
I am getting a sharp spike when output is going from low to high
and spike became more amplified like when i made rise time and fall time of input rectangular pulse signal very low . . .can somebody explain why this happening ?
 
Last edited:
Engineering news on Phys.org
A current spike or a voltage spike?
 
reddvoid said:
I am simulating cmos inverter in CADENCE
I am getting a sharp spike when output is going from low to high
and spike became more amplified like when i made rise time and fall time of input rectangular pulse signal very low . . .can somebody explain why this happening ?

With the CMOS inverter, isn't there a point during transition where both of the devices are conducting simultaneously? With static input, one or other of the transistors is fully OFF, but during transition from one state to the other, for a moment both transistors are partly ON, hence the rush of current you observe.
 
its a voltage spike
like this
attachment.php?attachmentid=73055&stc=1&d=1410509513.jpg

sry, its happening when output is going from high to low
 

Attachments

  • del.JPG
    del.JPG
    2.1 KB · Views: 2,026
It would be helpful if you were to indicate 0V and +Vcc levels.

I understand this is for an unbuffered inverter?

Your output's load is currently an open circuit? Try a reasonable load, and see how this improves. Say, 1MΩ for starters. Just guessing, but it could well be feedthrough of the input.
 
Last edited:
I notice this Cadence tutorial connects a 50 f(emto?)F capacitor to their cmos inverter for an output load.
Might that be its purpose?

See page 22 ff...
http://scholar.cu.edu.eg/?q=hmostafa/files/cadencetutorial.pdf

Figure 3 on page 38 shows a similar spike caused by changing transistor size.

Wow that's quite a simulation...

just a guess

old jim
 
snapshots

this is the circuit
attachment.php?attachmentid=73070&stc=1&d=1410523619.png

simulation
attachment.php?attachmentid=73071&stc=1&d=1410523619.png

attachment.php?attachmentid=73073&stc=1&d=1410523763.png


Yes output was floating,
then i tried 5fF load
and resistive load from 1k to 1M.
still getting spikes in all the simulations .
attachment.php?attachmentid=73074&stc=1&d=1410524786.png

different cap loads
 

Attachments

  • Capture4.PNG
    Capture4.PNG
    11.8 KB · Views: 2,681
  • Capture1.PNG
    Capture1.PNG
    9.3 KB · Views: 2,050
  • Capture3.PNG
    Capture3.PNG
    7.2 KB · Views: 914
  • Capture2.PNG
    Capture2.PNG
    21 KB · Views: 1,841
  • Capture5.PNG
    Capture5.PNG
    17.7 KB · Views: 2,213
Last edited:
These spikes are caused by parasitic capacitance between the inverter input and output. Most of it is the gate-drain capacitance in the MOS transistor. When the output is high and the input transitions from low to high, the voltage across this parasitic capacitance cannot change instantaneously, so some of the input step gets coupled to the output. It is a real effect. The spike is larger on the rising edge of the input because the PMOS G-D capacitiance is larger than the NMOS (I think - you could check this in the SPICE model by looking at the Cgd parameter).
 
You are seeing it because it's meant to be there. If a problem you might see it reduce if you were to increase the risetime of the gate voltage, so it rises less sharply. The height of the spike is probably limited (clamped) by a pn junction to Vcc. Adding load capacitance is not viable.
 
  • #10
I agree with phyzguy, it is capacitive coupling.

The threshold voltages of the two mosfets must be chosen so there is little through current during a transition.
When the input goes high, the upper mosfet should turn off before the lower mosfet turns on.

During the short period that both mosfets are off, the inverter input is being capacitively coupled directly to the output load by the CGD of both mosfets in parallel.

The ratio of transition spike energy is related to the ratio of mosfet CGD.
The effective CGD is voltage dependent and highest during transition.
 
  • #11
got it :) Thanks guys .
 

Similar threads

Replies
1
Views
3K
  • · Replies 58 ·
2
Replies
58
Views
8K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
1K
  • · Replies 18 ·
Replies
18
Views
3K
Replies
6
Views
4K
  • · Replies 47 ·
2
Replies
47
Views
5K
  • · Replies 1 ·
Replies
1
Views
2K
  • · Replies 2 ·
Replies
2
Views
5K
  • · Replies 5 ·
Replies
5
Views
7K
Replies
5
Views
3K