Stained Glass Problem: Why Are Low Energy Wavelengths Absorbed?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the optical properties of stained glass, specifically why blue stained glass transmits blue light while absorbing red light. It is established that blue glass, often made with Cobalt Oxide, allows blue light to pass through because the energy of blue photons is insufficient to excite electrons to higher energy levels. Conversely, red photons possess enough energy to excite electrons in the glass, leading to absorption. The complexities of light absorption and transmission in stained glass are further explored, including the role of intermediate energy levels in photon emission.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of photon energy and electron excitation
  • Familiarity with the principles of light absorption and transmission
  • Knowledge of materials used in stained glass, such as Cobalt Oxide and Gold
  • Basic concepts of quantum mechanics related to energy levels
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  • Research the role of Cobalt Oxide in blue glass production
  • Investigate the mechanisms of light absorption in red glass containing Gold
  • Explore the principles of fluorescence and phosphorescence in materials
  • Learn about the interaction of ultraviolet light with various substances
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Students of physics, materials scientists, artists working with stained glass, and anyone interested in the optical properties of materials.

Daniel Petka
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Glass is transparent because the light doesn't have enough energy to get the electrons to the next energy level. But how does blue stained glass work? Does the blue light have too much energy to excite the electron in comparison to red and green that get absorbed? Why are the low energy wavelengths being absorbed? Is there another principle?
 
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This is actually a difficult one to find an answer. Starting with how glass is transparent (see the video)
If the photon does not excite the electron, then it passes through. It briefly talks about how some materials may absorb some energy levels (wavelengths) but not others. So some colors would pass through unabsorbed. There is another video (I will try to find it) which shows how certain substance glow under ultraviolet light. So what is happening there, the ultraviolet light (which we cannot see) excites the electron by more than one level, but then it goes back down to an intermediate level (emitting visible light) before returning to ground state.

I am assuming that red light excites it more than one level, then it falls back down and the intermediate step is infrared.
 
Thanks
 
Btw the vid doesn't explain why blue photons pass through blue stained glass and red photons don't.
 
Daniel Petka said:
Btw the vid doesn't explain why blue photons pass through blue stained glass and red photons don't.
Of course it does, just using a different color filter. Blue photons don't have enough energy to take the electrons in blue glass to the next level, so they are not absorbed. Red photons do have enough energy to do that and so are absorbed.
 
Despite the fact that photons don't have a color (but rather affect a color sensation in a human eye), "blue" photons are more energetic than "red" ones ;-).
 
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It is not like "photons above a certain energy are absorbed because they have enough energy", it is more like when he was talking about light not going through a wall, I think. If the red light is energetic enough to excite some "easy" electrons up two levels, for example. But then maybe on the way back "down" they stop at the intermediate level (emitting an infrared level photon). Then they go back to ground state and maybe another infrared photon.

I am not sure if this is exactly how it works or not, but that is what I am thinking. It seems hard to find any information detailing "why" certain atoms (or crystal structures) absorb 1 "color" and not another, but just remember that if the electron is excited, it will eventually go back to ground state, emitting a photon, but not necessarily in the same direction.
Also, it is common to excite more than one level then go back down in intermediate levels. This is how a black light (high energy UV photons) makes certain materials appear to glow. We cannot see the UV rays, but we see the lower energy photons which are emitted by the intermediate stages.
 
phinds said:
Of course it does, just using a different color filter. Blue photons don't have enough energy to take the electrons in blue glass to the next level, so they are not absorbed. Red photons do have enough energy to do that and so are absorbed.

What?? I thought blue photons have MORE energy than red photons.
 
Daniel Petka said:
What?? I thought blue photons have MORE energy than red photons.
Damn. You're right of course. I clearly wasn't paying attention to what I was saying.
 
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Daniel Petka said:
Glass is transparent because the light doesn't have enough energy to get the electrons to the next energy level. But how does blue stained glass work? Does the blue light have too much energy to excite the electron in comparison to red and green that get absorbed? Why are the low energy wavelengths being absorbed? Is there another principle?

Blue glass is typically made by adding Cobalt Oxide, which absorbs in the red:

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ja01330a010

Hence, blue light passes through.

Red glass is tricky- that uses Gold, but the mechanism is not absorption/transmission exactly (AFAIK)- it's more complicated:

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v407/n6805/full/407691a0.html
 
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