Stellar nuclear fusion: Mean cross section and velocity theorem

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the mean product of cross section and velocity, denoted as ⟨σv⟩, in stellar nuclear fusion reactions. It highlights the use of the Maxwell–Boltzmann probability density function to derive the mean speed ⟨v⟩ and the relationship between reactant number densities (n₁, n₂) and the total cross section (σ₂). The reaction rate is defined as f = n₁ n₂ ⟨σv⟩, emphasizing the importance of understanding the cross section's dependence on velocity and its non-linear distribution.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
  • Familiarity with nuclear fusion concepts
  • Knowledge of reaction rate calculations in physics
  • Basic grasp of statistical mechanics
NEXT STEPS
  • Explore the derivation of the Maxwell-Boltzmann probability density function
  • Study the implications of the Gamow factor in nuclear fusion
  • Investigate the non-linear relationship between cross section and velocity
  • Learn about the role of reactant number densities in fusion reactions
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, astrophysicists, and students studying nuclear fusion and statistical mechanics will benefit from this discussion.

Orion1
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I am inquiring as to what the theorem function is for the mean product of cross section and velocity for stellar fusion reactions? \langle \sigma v \rangle

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Mean product of nuclear fusion cross section and velocity. \langle \sigma v \rangle

360px-MaxwellBoltzmann-en.svg.png

Maxwell–Boltzmann probability density function:
f(v) = \sqrt{\frac{2}{\pi}\left(\frac{m}{kT}\right)^3}\, v^2 \exp \left(- \frac{mv^2}{2kT}\right)

The mean speed is the mathematical average of the speed distribution:
\langle v \rangle = \int_0^{\infty} v \, f(v) \, dv = \sqrt{\frac{8kT}{\pi m}}

For a mono-energy beam striking a stationary target, the cross section probability is:
P = n_2 \sigma_2 = n_2 \pi r_2^2

And the reaction rate is:
f = n_1 n_2 \sigma_2 v_1
Reactant number densities:
n_1, n_2
Target total cross section:
\sigma_2 = \sigma_\text{A} + \sigma_\text{S} + \sigma_\text{L} = \pi r_2^2
Mono-energy beam velocity:
v_1
Aggregate area circle radius:
r_2

Stellar nuclear fusion reaction rate (fusions per volume per time):
f = n_1 n_2 \langle \sigma v \rangle

What is the theorem and solution for the mean cross section in stellar nuclear fusion? \langle \sigma \rangle

Is the mean cross section the mathematical average of the cross section distribution?:
\langle \sigma \rangle = \int_0^{\infty} \sigma \, f(\sigma) \, d\sigma = \, \text{?}
[/Color]
Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_section_(physics)#Nuclear_physics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell-Boltzmann_distribution
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fusion#Requirements
 
Last edited by a moderator:
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You don't need ⟨σ⟩ and it is not particularly well-defined anyway. The cross section depends on the velocity in a nonlinear way and the velocity has a very non-linear distribution - σ(⟨v⟩) will be completely different from ⟨σv⟩.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamow_factor
 

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