Strain produced in a rod after expansion

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the calculation of strain in a rod subjected to thermal expansion. The correct formula for strain is established as ##\alpha \Delta T##, where ##\alpha## is the coefficient of linear expansion and ##\Delta T## is the change in temperature. The participants clarify that the book's assertion of zero strain is incorrect, as strain occurs even on a frictionless surface, where stress is indeed zero due to the absence of constraints. The correct interpretation of the equations is crucial for accurate calculations in thermal expansion scenarios.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermal expansion concepts
  • Familiarity with strain and stress definitions
  • Knowledge of the coefficient of linear expansion (α)
  • Basic algebra for manipulating equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the derivation of thermal expansion equations
  • Study the relationship between strain and stress in unconstrained materials
  • Explore the implications of large temperature changes on material properties
  • Investigate practical applications of thermal expansion in engineering
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Students in physics or engineering, material scientists, and professionals involved in thermal analysis and material design will benefit from this discussion.

Hamza Abbasi
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Homework Statement



A rod of length ##L_o## is kept on a friction-less surface. The coefficient of linear expansion for the material of the rod is ##\alpha##. The the temperature of the rod is increased by ##\Delta T## the strain developed in the rod will be?

Homework Equations


  1. $$ \Delta L= L_o(1+\alpha \Delta T) $$
  2. $$Strain (Linear ) = \frac{\Delta L}{ L_o}$$

The Attempt at a Solution


$$ Strain= \frac{ L_o(1+\alpha \Delta T)}{L_o} $$
$$ Strain =(1+\alpha \Delta T)$$

Whereas the answer in book is zero !
 
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Your answer is incorrect, and so is the answer in the book. The first equation should read $$\Delta L=L_0(1+\alpha \Delta T-L_0=L_0\alpha \Delta T$$So the strain is just ##\alpha \Delta T##. Are you sure they weren't asking for the stress?
 
The book answer is wrong. The stress developed in the rod will be zero if the surface is frictionless, but the strain won't.
Your answer is also wrong. Equation 1 should be L = L0(1 + αΔT). Then ΔL = L - L0.
(Note this is an approximation that applies when ΔT is small. What if it is large?)

Edit: Beat me to it!
 
Chestermiller said:
Your answer is incorrect, and so is the answer in the book. The first equation should read $$\Delta L=L_0(1+\alpha \Delta T-L_0=L_0\alpha \Delta T$$So the strain is just ##\alpha \Delta T##. Are you sure they weren't asking for the stress?
Yes , I am sure . Question was about strain/
 
mjc123 said:
The book answer is wrong. The stress developed in the rod will be zero if the surface is frictionless, but the strain won't.
Your answer is also wrong. Equation 1 should be L = L0(1 + αΔT). Then ΔL = L - L0.
(Note this is an approximation that applies when ΔT is small. What if it is large?)

Edit: Beat me to it!
Oh yes! I wrote equation 1 wrong !
Got it :smile::smile:
 
mjc123 said:
The book answer is wrong. The stress developed in the rod will be zero if the surface is frictionless, but the strain won't.
Your answer is also wrong. Equation 1 should be L = L0(1 + αΔT). Then ΔL = L - L0.
(Note this is an approximation that applies when ΔT is small. What if it is large?)

Edit: Beat me to it!
Why is stress zero?
 
Hamza Abbasi said:
Why is stress zero?
Because the bar is unconstrained while it is expanding. There are no forces acting on it.
 
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Thank you for guiding :smile: . Problem solved !
 

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