The discussion centers on the effectiveness of different math textbooks for developing problem-solving skills. The Art of Problem Solving (AoPS) textbooks are recommended for their challenging problems that promote deeper understanding and mental training, as opposed to just learning tricks. OpenStax math textbooks are also mentioned, but the focus leans towards AoPS for serious improvement. The conversation references Richard Feynman's view that problem-solving is a skill that can be learned but not directly taught, emphasizing the importance of practice and a disciplined approach to tackling math problems. Additionally, research from Stanford highlights key strategies for effective problem-solving, including understanding the subject, using relevant heuristics, and maintaining a positive belief in one's ability to solve problems. The discussion suggests that while the mentioned textbooks are valuable, exploring other resources could also be beneficial, especially if they are affordable.