The Physics of Virtual Particles - Comments

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the concept of virtual particles, particularly in the context of the Unruh effect and their relationship to quasiparticles and real particles. Participants explore theoretical implications, definitions, and the nature of particles in various states, including coherent states and their relevance in quantum field theory.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that particles generated by the Unruh effect are virtual, similar to virtual photons in Coulomb interactions, and require a quasiparticle picture to resemble actual particles.
  • Others argue that virtual particles are artifacts of a particle picture imposed on coherent states, which are valid only under certain approximations and become meaningless in the physical limit.
  • A participant questions the distinction between virtual particles, quasiparticles, and real particles, suggesting that definitions may vary among contributors.
  • There is a discussion about the role of coherent states in practical applications, such as cooking in a microwave oven, with some asserting that coherent states are what actually interact with food.
  • One participant emphasizes the importance of the Hamiltonian in defining a system's dynamics, noting that omitting it could lead to confusion in discussions about oscillators.
  • Another participant highlights that ordinary particles would appear as quasiparticles to an accelerated observer, contingent on the observer's speed relative to another observer at rest.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express multiple competing views regarding the definitions and implications of virtual particles, quasiparticles, and real particles. The discussion remains unresolved, with no consensus on the distinctions or the nature of these concepts.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the definitions of virtual particles, quasiparticles, and real particles may depend on context and assumptions, leading to potential confusion. The discussion also touches on the limitations of applying certain theoretical constructs in practical scenarios.

  • #31
I updated my Insight article by adding at the end a lot of factual information on vacuum fluctuations and related topics, based on the fairly precise definition of vacuum fluctuations on p.119 in the quantum field theory book by Itzykson and Zuber 1980.
 
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  • #32
To be pedantic: You write

According to the Born rule, the distribution of a quantum observable gives the probabilities for measuring values for the observable in independent, identical preparations of the system in identical states. Thus the presence of a Gaussian distribution means that the attempt to measure the electromagnetic field in the vacuum state cannot be done with arbitrary precision but has an inherent uncertainty.
I would write

According to the Born rule, the distribution of a quantum observable gives the probabilities for measuring values for the observable in independent, identical preparations of the system in identical states. Thus the presence of a Gaussian distribution means that the value of the electromagnetic field in the vacuum state is not determined with arbitrary precision but has an inherent uncertainty.

The fluctuations of observables are not due to the limitations of measurement accuracy but due to the state the system is prepared in. This is also often discussed in a misleading way in context of the usual uncertainty relation. Also in this case the uncertainty/fluctuations of observables are due to the impossibility to prepare the system in such a way that both incompatible observables have a determined value; it's not a limitation to the accuracy you can measure the one or the other observable.
 
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  • #33
vanhees71 said:
According to the Born rule, the distribution of a quantum observable gives the probabilities for measuring values for the observable in independent, identical preparations of the system in identical states. Thus the presence of a Gaussian distribution means that the value of the electromagnetic field in the vacuum state is not determined with arbitrary precision but has an inherent uncertainty.
Yes, that's an improvement. I updated the page.
 
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