The Toppling Stack: Finding Equilibrium and Minimum Values

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the physics problem of a stack of N boxes on a frictionless table, where a constant force F is applied to the bottom box. The analysis reveals that the separation occurs between Box 1 and Box 2 when the force exceeds a certain threshold. The minimum force F required to cause the boxes to topple is derived in terms of gravitational acceleration g, height H, length L, mass M, number of boxes N, and width W. Additionally, the minimum static friction coefficient μ_s necessary to prevent toppling without sliding is also expressed using the same variables.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's laws of motion
  • Familiarity with static friction and its coefficient
  • Knowledge of torque and moments in physics
  • Basic algebra for solving inequalities and equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Calculate the minimum force F for various values of N, H, L, M, and W
  • Explore the relationship between static friction coefficient μ_s and box dimensions
  • Investigate the effects of varying the number of boxes N on stability
  • Learn about dynamic versus static equilibrium in stacked systems
USEFUL FOR

Students studying physics, particularly those focusing on mechanics, as well as educators looking for practical examples of static and dynamic equilibrium in real-world applications.

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Homework Statement



The Toppling Stack

There is a stack of N boxes (rectangular solids) on a level frictionless table. Each box has the same uniform density, has the same mass M, and has the same dimensions L x W x H. The bottom box is pulled with a constant force F parallel to the table. The dimension H is perpendicular to the table and perpendicular to F; the dimension L is parallel to the table and is parallel to F; and the dimension W is parallel to the table and perpendicular to F. The coefficient of friction between the boxes is mu_s. Assume the acceleration due to gravity, g, is constant for the entire stack. The bottom box is Box 1, the box directly on top of Box 1 is Box 2, ..., the top box is Box N.

If F is large enough, some boxes will fall by toppling over (not sliding off).

a) Show mathematically that the separation should occur between the Box 1 and Box 2.
b) What is the minimum value of F which will cause the boxes to fall. Answer in terms of g, H, L, M, N, and / or W.
c) Find the minimum value of mu_s which will make falling over impossible without sliding first. Answer in terms of g, H, L, M, N, and / or W.

The three parts can be done separately.

Homework Equations



F=μkN

The Attempt at a Solution


I drew a picture of 4 boxes and labeled the forces but I don't know how to proceed further...
 
Physics news on Phys.org
Consider the stack as a set of N-n blocks on top of a set of n blocks.
Taking moments about the point where the upper set might topple from the lower set, what inequality do you get for equilibrium? (Put in an unknown 'a' for the linear acceleration.)
 

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