Throwing an object in a moving car

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the physics of throwing an object from the backseat of a sedan traveling at 80 mph compared to throwing the same object from a stationary vehicle. The key concept is Galilean relativity, which explains how observers in different frames of reference perceive the speed of the thrown objects. The object thrown inside the moving car is perceived to have a speed of 80 mph plus the throw speed, while the object thrown from the stationary vehicle is perceived to have a speed of 80 mph minus the throw speed. Both observers agree on the time of flight and can calculate the distance traveled using the equation distance = speed × time.

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is there an equation to describe object thrown from backseat to dashboard, in a sedan going 80 down the freeway
as compared to object thrown same distance outside of stationary vehicle?
 
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Try googling for "Galilean relativity", that will get you started.

The concept is pretty simple: if both objects are thrown with speed ##V## and cover a distance ##D## (so spend time ##T=D/V## in flight) according to the person doing the throwing, and for simplicity both throws happen at the same time, street guy will say that the car object was thrown with speed ##80+V##; car guy will say that the street object was thrown with speed ##80-V##. Both will agree that the object spent the same amount of time in flight, and distance=speed*time will get the distance traveled and the position of both objects at any moment according to either of them.
 
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