MHB Trigonometric Integral, weird results

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The discussion revolves around solving the integral of cotangent and cosecant functions, specifically \(\int cot(x)\cdot csc^{2}(x)\cdot dx\) and \(\int \frac{cos(x)}{sin^{3}(x)}dx\). The first approach using the substitution \(u=cot(x)\) yields the answer \(-\frac{1}{2}cot^{2}(x)+C\), while the second approach with \(u=sin(x)\) results in \(-\frac{1}{2}csc^{2}(x)+C\). Both answers are deemed correct as they differ only by a constant, confirmed by the identity \(\cot^2 x + 1 = \csc^2 x\). The discussion highlights the common confusion among calculus students regarding different methods leading to equivalent results. Understanding this relationship is considered a significant learning moment in calculus.
Yankel
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Hello all,

I am trying to solve the integral:

\[\int cot(x)\cdot csc^{2}(x)\cdot dx\]

If I use a substitution of u=cot(x), I get

\[-\frac{1}{2}cot^{2}(x)+C\]

which is the correct answer in the book, however, if I do this:

\[\int \frac{cos(x)}{sin^{3}(x)}dx\]

I get, using a substitution u=sin(x)

\[-\frac{1}{2}csc^{2}(x)+C\]

which according to MAPLE, is also correct. In addition, according to MAPLE the move I made for the new function, is also correct !

I am confused !
 
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Those two answers only differ by a constant, because $\cot^2 x+ 1 = \csc^2x$.
 
Mystery solved then...I never thought of that...nice ! ;-)
 
Yankel said:
Mystery solved then...I never thought of that...nice ! ;-)

It's a "rite of passage" for calculus students. (Smile)