Understanding Power Quality Impact of Motor Starting

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the impact of large motor starting on power quality, specifically focusing on voltage sag and its consequences, such as motor stalling and overheating. Participants explore the underlying electrical principles and the behavior of inductive loads during startup.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how starting a motor, which draws high current, leads to voltage sag, suggesting a misunderstanding of the relationship between current and voltage as described by Ohm's law.
  • Another participant explains that motors draw more current during startup than during normal operation, leading to increased heat generation when stalled.
  • A participant notes that real-world power sources and wiring have impedance, which contributes to voltage sag during high current draw.
  • One response highlights that the motor is an inductive load, indicating that the relationship between voltage and current is affected by the reactive components of the motor.
  • Another participant emphasizes that the effective resistance of the motor is variable and low at startup, while the voltage source remains constant, leading to voltage sag due to the resistance of the wiring and source.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the relationship between current draw and voltage behavior during motor startup, indicating that multiple competing explanations exist without a consensus on the underlying principles.

Contextual Notes

Some discussions lack clarity on the assumptions regarding impedance and the definitions of voltage and current in the context of inductive loads. The relationship between voltage sag and motor performance remains unresolved.

nafas
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Hello,

In Power Quality, how does starting of large motor will cause voltage sag? How does voltage sag cause the motor to stall and overheat?

A friend mentioned that it has something to do with sustaining the source power, but I simply don't get it.

Thank you in advance.
 
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Motors draw more current during start up (or if you stall it) than when rotating.
In normal operation, most of the input power gets converted to mechanical energy.
In the stopped/stalled condition all the input power gets converted to heat.

All real world power sources and connecting wiring have impedance (or resistance).
If you had a power connection with a zero impedance then there would be no voltage sag.
 
Hi,

If starting a motor consumed high current, then why doesn't the voltage increase too; since V=IR?

Thanks.
 
Motor is an inductive load, so it draws high initial current.
voltage or the potential is not absorbed, rather electrons are ( current).
you just need to supply more electrons to take your motor coil to operating level with the same potential.
the R in ohms law corresponds to resistive real value where as an inductive element possesses reactive component as well.
Hope this helps.
 
nafas said:
Hi,

If starting a motor consumed high current, then why doesn't the voltage increase too; since V=IR?

Thanks.

Due to the Conservation of Energy.

CS
 
nafas said:
Hi,

If starting a motor consumed high current, then why doesn't the voltage increase too; since V=IR?

Thanks.
It depends on you're viewpoint or which components of V=IR you are looking at.
The effective "R" of the motor is variable and very low at startup.
V is a constant defined by the construction of the source.

However, the wires connecting the voltage source (and the voltage source) have a value of R associated with them, separate from the motor.
The voltage drop due to R_source and R_wire does increase with current and must be subtracted from V_source.
This is seen as a "voltage sag" at the terminals of the motor.
 

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