The
Sabra and Shatila massacre was carried out in September 1982 by Lebanese
Maronite Christian Militias. This was during the
Lebanese Civil War, a complex conflict in itself. To understand this topic fully there's a lot of reading to do, but to make a long explanation short: the
PLO and the Israeli-supported Maronite
Phalange were fighting each other during this civil war. The IDF
invaded Lebanon in 1982 and for a while held Beirut, where the Sabra and Shatila camps are located. It was during this time that the Phalanges entered the camps, in coordination with the IDF under the pretext of clearing out PLO fighters, and massacred the civilian population, consisting mainly of Palestinians and some South-Lebanese. This was one in a series of massacres by the Maronites and PLO during the Civil War and was sparked by the assasination of
Bachir Gemayel, the pro-Maronite president elect of Lebanon.
Following the massacre, Israeli public opinion swayed strongly against the war and government. An unprecedented number of 300,000 Israelis demonstrated in Tel-Aviv against the war and for the withdrawal of the IDF in a rally organised by the "Peace Now" movement. An official inquiry into the massacre headed by the Chief of the Supreme Court,
the Kahan Commission, found Israel indirectly responsible for the massacre and recommended the Defence Minister - Ariel Sharon, Chief of Staff - Rafael Eitan, and the Director of Military Intelligence be dismissed, as they were. Ariel Sharon was prohibited from ever again serving as the Defense Minister. Sharon and was said to have fooled and disinformed the government, headed by Menachem Begin, into entering the war. Following the massacre and outcome of the war,
Begin despised and felt betrayed by Sharon. He was so distraught, he spent the remainder of his life in seclusion. In 1991 the Israeli newspaper Haaretz published a
story which claimed Sharon deceived Begin, and was sued by Sharon, who lost the trial.
Personally I feel the massacre is a terrible tragedy and is a shameful chapter in Israel's history - along with the rest of the Lebanese campaign. I know many Israelis feel the same way. However, the massacre is too often portrayed as if it was carried out or orchestrated by Israel - which is completely false. This becomes much clearer if you research the Lebanese Civil War, but that is very difficult as there are many factions and they all formed and broke alliances and carried out massacres on each other many times during the war, and so many people just follow their hearts and think all these claims are entirely true. The odd thing is that the actual perpetrators and orchestrators of the massacre lived in Lebanon after the war and never got a fraction of the hatred and attention that Israel did. Other massacres during the Lebanese Civil War and in Lebanon and Syria in general are largely forgotten. With all due respect to the unfortunate victims, it seems this massacre is cynically used to discredit Israel by its opponents, and that justice is not really sought - which is a rather sad metaphor for the role of the Arab and Israeli nations in the Palestinian tragedy.