Understanding Wave Refraction in Denser Media

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the phenomenon of wave refraction as it occurs when waves, particularly light, enter a denser medium. Participants explore the underlying mechanisms of this process, including the relationship between wavefronts, group velocity, and the behavior of photons in different media.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions how a wave, conceptualized as a photon, can be slowed down on one side before the other, suggesting confusion about the nature of particles and the structure of atoms.
  • Another participant clarifies that it is the group velocity of the wave that is affected, not the photon itself, and explains that the varying instant at which different parts of the wavefront hit the boundary causes the direction change.
  • A separate contribution states that the wave velocity is determined by the equation c/n, where c is the speed of light in a vacuum and n is the refractive index of the medium.
  • One participant reiterates the initial question about the physical cause of wavefront slowing in denser materials, indicating uncertainty about the explanation using Huygen's principle.
  • Another participant notes that while energy (frequency) remains unchanged across material interfaces, momentum (wavelength) is altered, but expresses difficulty in reconciling this with a particle-based explanation.
  • A further contribution discusses how the wavefront interacts with the atoms or particles in the new medium, suggesting that energy transfer occurs, with some wavefronts continuing and others being stopped or transferred.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying degrees of understanding and uncertainty regarding the mechanisms of wave refraction. There is no consensus on a definitive explanation for the physical processes involved, and multiple perspectives are presented without resolution.

Contextual Notes

Some participants highlight limitations in their understanding of the particle-wave duality and the specifics of energy transfer in denser media. The discussion reflects a reliance on different models (wave vs. particle) without a clear resolution of how they interrelate in the context of refraction.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to students and enthusiasts of physics, particularly those exploring wave phenomena, optics, and the nature of light.

Noj Werdna
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Why does a wave refract as it enters a denser medium?
i thought a wave was a photon and so i don't understand how a particle can be slowed down on one side before the other, enough that it changes direction by that much, would it not just move between the atoms? as most of the atom is just empty?
Are photons effected by polarity? (eg. magnet)
 
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What is "slowed" down is not the photon, but the group velocity of the wave. Since a "wave" has a wavefront, the varying instant that different parts of the wavefront hits the boundary is what causes the direction of the wave to change.

Read the FAQ to know how photons are affected in a solid medium.

Zz.
 
It is actually the wave velocity that equals c/n.
 
Noj Werdna said:
Why does a wave refract as it enters a denser medium?
i thought a wave was a photon and so i don't understand how a particle can be slowed down on one side before the other, enough that it changes direction by that much, would it not just move between the atoms? as most of the atom is just empty?
Good question. The wave model of light is usually used to describe refraction, using a concept known as 'Huygen's principle'. But as to what physically causes the wavefront to slow in an optically denser material, I don't know.
 
In terms of waves, the energy (frequency) is unchanged when moving across a material interface, but the momentum (wavlength) is changed.

If you are asking for this picture to be explained in terms of particles, I don't know a clean way to do that.
 
If the wave front hits the 'new' medium then where the atoms or particles are the wave will be slowed(or transfer energy) to the new mediums 'contents' (I mean molecules/atoms that make it up) some of the energy passes through these 'giant' gaps between the atoms where there is """"Nothing""" so some wave front continues, some wave front is stopped and some is transferred to this 'new' medium...?
 

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