Work is defined as the transfer of energy through the application of force over a distance, calculated as the product of force and distance. If no movement occurs, no work is done, leading to the question of energy output despite exertion. Scenarios illustrate that while a person may exert energy without moving an object, the work equation indicates zero output, raising questions about energy conservation. The discussion also touches on gravitational forces, noting that while they exert influence, they do not perform work in the traditional sense as defined by the equation. Ultimately, the conversation emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of work, energy, and their interrelations in physical systems.