Units of Flux Density: Electric Field vs Displacement Vector

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the relationship between the displacement vector D and its designation as "flux density." The displacement vector is defined as D = (ε0)E + P, where its units are C/m², contrasting with electric flux units of Vm. The confusion arises from the dimensional analysis, particularly in the context of Gauss's law, which states ∇·D = ρ, where ρ is charge density with units C/m³. This analysis confirms that the displacement vector D indeed has the unit C/m², reinforcing its classification as flux density.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electric fields and displacement vectors
  • Familiarity with Gauss's law and its differential form
  • Knowledge of SI units, specifically C/m² and Vm
  • Basic principles of electromagnetism
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation and implications of Gauss's law in electromagnetism
  • Explore the relationship between electric field E and displacement vector D
  • Investigate the physical significance of electric flux density in various materials
  • Learn about the role of polarization P in the context of displacement vectors
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those specializing in electromagnetism, electrical engineers, and anyone seeking to deepen their understanding of electric fields and displacement vectors.

gralla55
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While I do understand the use for the displacement vector D = (e0)E + P, I don't quite understand why they label it as "flux density". The units for the displacement vector are C/m^2. The units for electric flux are Vm, so wouldn't electric flux density become Vm/m^2 = V/m which is just equal to the electric field?

edit: C/m^2 just looks like surface charge density...
 
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For this reason, I hate the SI. It's totally unintuitive. Anyway, let's work through the dimensional analysis. According to Gauß's law, which reads in differential form
\vec{\nabla} \cdot \vec{D}=\rho,
where \rho is the charge density (i.e., charge per unit volume), which has the SI unit \mathrm{C}/\mathrm{m}^3 (Coulomb per cubic metre). The Nabla operator is a differential operator wrt. to space coordinates and thus has the unit 1/\mathrm{m}.

This implies that \vec{D} has the unit \mathrm{C}/\mathrm{m}^2.
 

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