(Unprecedented?) Cluster of earthquakes in Greek islands

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A significant cluster of earthquakes has been recorded near the Greek islands of Santorini, Amorgos, Anafi, and Ios, with over 12,000 quakes occurring between January 26 and February 9, including 14 above magnitude 4.0. While some scientists initially suggested the activity was subsiding, a surge on February 9 saw 109 earthquakes, with 13 exceeding magnitude 4.0. The epicenters are primarily located near the Koloumbo underwater volcano, but experts disagree on the implications, with Greek scientists downplaying eruption risks while Turkish scientists warn of potential tsunami threats. Recent observations indicate some uplift of the caldera, but many experts believe the earthquakes are fault-driven rather than magmatic. Overall, the situation remains uncertain, prompting calls for more reliable data and communication from the scientific community.
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These last days, there is a seemingly endless cluster of rather powerful earthquakes close to the islands of Santorini, Amorgos, Anafi, and Ios. Remember, this is a highly volcanically active region, Santorini especially being famous for the supervolcanic eruption which is conjectured to have led to the decline of the Minoan civilization: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoan_eruption

To grasp the scale of what is happening, between the 26th of January and the 9th of February, 12000 earthquakes with magnitude over 1.0 on the Richter scale were recorded, with 14 of them being above 4.0. Some seismologists believed the phenomenon to be petering out, but then on Monday alone, 109 earthquakes were recorded, with 13 (!) of them above 4.0 (yes, in a single day). What's more, some of the earthquakes got up to 5.2-5.3.

It appears that most of the earthquakes are coming from right in the middle of the 4 islands mentioned, to the northeast of the underwater Koloumbo volcano: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloumpo

You can read more about it in this National Geographic article from a few days ago, although that was before the increase in earthquake activity and magnitude of the last few days: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/santorini-earthquakes-volcano-cause-greece

A more recent source: https://www.tovima.com/science/new-santorini-earthquakes-shatter-hopes-of-stabilization/

From the very first moment it didn't seem like there was any sort of scientific consensus. Many Greek scientists were saying there is no need to worry, that there is no risk of a volcanic eruption, and that there is very little risk of an earthquake above 6.0. On the other hand, many Turkish scientists weren't so optimistic, and said that there has to be preparation for a possible tsunami. Most scientists that I see speaking to the media were saying the phenomenon was likely relaxing because the earthquakes were becoming more infrequent, but that completely changed on Monday. Now it seems that the trend is to say that they've never seen this before so they don't know, as you can see in the more recent source I posted.

I know basically nothing about seismology and volcanology, so I don't know what to make of this. I'm also somewhat unsatisfied by the way seismologists have communicated with the public. It's clear they really have nowhere near enough data, but at first, a lot of them made it sound like they knew more than they really did. I understand it's a difficult science, but the issue is that a lot of the publicly visible ones are creating more confusion, because it's not clear to people what they know and what they don't. It also doesn't help that media here often promotes crackpots.

It would be great if members here who are familiar with these sciences could comment on this phenomenon, and perhaps suggest trustworthy resources for updates.
 
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Earth sciences news on Phys.org
PhysOrg has an article on it.

I think most people in the area want to know whether it's going to kill them.
Others probably want to know where to set up their cameras for the best shots.
I don't think there's any answer that would satisfy either of them.

There are two pieces of information that I would find interesting: a 3D mapping of the thousands of epicenters; and an elevation map showing terrain surface changes over the past several weeks. At the moment, I cannot locate either on the web.

From another article:
Scientists were deploying more surveying equipment in the area Tuesday (2/11) to monitor the situation, the University of Athens said, while seismologists and volcanologists were to meet with government officials Tuesday evening as part of regular discussions of the situation.

But there should be data already available. Anyone who registers onto the NASA Earth Data site has access to substantial satellite data. For example Sentinel 1a provides side-looking radar imagery and potentially elevation data - perhaps in enough detail to show ground welling.
https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/data/catalog/asf-sentinel-1a-slc-1

So those volcanologists should already have fairly interesting data to look at.
 
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I did a bit more looking.

I found this webpage which is trying to track the analysis.
https://strikeengine.com/santorini-earthquake-update-11-2-25/

It's basically bad news for the camera buffs. According to geologist Shawn Willsey, the quakes are not centered on the magma chamber near Santorini.

Here is the summary provided on that "strikeengine" page"
Shawn Willsey has waded in with his analysis of the situation so far. He is a geology professor. In short his analysis is in line with the Greek authorities, that the Santorini earthquakes are not magmatic and are entirely fault driven.

The basis for this opinion is down to a few things.

The first is that the earthquake swarm is not near Santorini and that is where the magma chamber is. The second is that no uplift has been recorded. And third, there was a similar situation in Idaho where a swarm of earthquakes lasted for two weeks and which ended with no large earthquake event. In short his opinion is people need to push the brakes with regards to creating drama around this Aegean earthquake swarm. It is an active area, it is to be expected.

A couple of things I would say about his analysis.
 
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.Scott said:
But there should be data already available. Anyone who registers onto the NASA Earth Data site has access to substantial satellite data. For example Sentinel 1a provides side-looking radar imagery and potentially elevation data - perhaps in enough detail to show ground welling.
The centre of activity is below Koloumpo, an active undersea volcano. Radar does not work well below the seawater surface.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloumpo
Nearby islands are too far away to show uplift.
 
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.Scott said:
I think most people in the area want to know whether it's going to kill them.
Others probably want to know where to set up their cameras for the best shots.
I don't think there's any answer that would satisfy either of them.
There's another thing some of them are worried about. People are cancelling their vacations. It's a multi-million euro industry. Personally, I believe that's the only good thing that might come out of this. These islands have been wayyy overexploited these last years for tourism, to the detriment of the environment, and to people such as teachers who have to live there and pay absurd prices, while receiving none of the benefits of tourism. But that's a separate matter.
 
.Scott said:
I did a bit more looking.

I found this webpage which is trying to track the analysis.
https://strikeengine.com/santorini-earthquake-update-11-2-25/

It's basically bad news for the camera buffs. According to geologist Shawn Willsey, the quakes are not centered on the magma chamber near Santorini.

Here is the summary provided on that "strikeengine" page"
About no uplift being recorded, I saw Costas Synolakis (professor in University of Southern California, from his scholar profile I see he mainly has research on tsunamis) say they have noticed some uplift. I couldn't find a page in English, but you can translate this from Greek:
https://www.dnews.gr/eidhseis/ellad...ntorinis-epipolaioi-osoi-dilonoun-aisiodoksoi
https://www.ertnews.gr/dimosio-vima...-exei-arxisei-kai-fouskonei-apo-to-kalokairi/
 
 
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His previous video is good for understanding the tectonic plates in that area.
 
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@AndreasC: re Your above post https://www.physicsforums.com/posts/7242310

Since many of us do not read Greek, here is an English translation by Google:

SocietyTh.Wednesday, February 12th 2025 21:42(Kostas Tzoumas/Eurokinissi)Categorical to Amorgos:

"There is no way to activate the rift"Share:Share Via Facebook Share Via Twitter Share Via Linkedin Share Via emailUp to 4cm, from August 2024 to the present day, scientists have been recorded, according to statements by the Director of Research by the Geodynamic Institute, Thanasis Ghana, from August 2024 until today.At the same time, according to Mr Ghana, horizontal Caldera movements have been observed by about 6 cm east."This is the result of stimulation. I can't say it's worrying now because we've seen it in 2011-2012. And it was not followed by an explosion. But it is an important change and we must watch it, "he noted.Result of rising magmaChanges, as he explained, are the result of the rise of the magma from the cloak to the bark and then to the wicked chamber, which is under the new burnt and between Nea Kameni and Oia at a depth of 3 km. That the magma has risen 5 million cubic feet, while in the 2011-2012 crisis it had risen 15 million cubic feet."As the phenomenon continues to watch it, see how it will evolve," he said.Mr Ganas said yesterday that "there is no danger to the volcano, neither for the caldera nor for Columbus."He is categorical in terms of Amorgos's rift. "There is no way to be activated", as based on the measurements that have taken place, its repetition period is 300 years old, "he said.All developments in the Liveblog of Naftemporiki.
 
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The previous link is correct, it works for me. Does anyone else have a problem?
On youtube: "Is Santorini About to Erupt? 13,000+ Earthquakes: The Truth"
By: OzGeology
 
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Baluncore said:
The previous link is correct, it works for me. Does anyone else have a problem?
Works for me (Win 11, Chrome, Comcast in California).
 
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Baluncore said:

Google: ...did not match any documents.

Youtube: youtube.com/JMAYUSKT9b4 ...responds with the who the poster is.

Youtube: youtube.com <with no argument>
. . . . . then using Search on that page shows a link, and several others.
. . . . SUCCESS!

p.s. Amazingly, the posts by @Baluncore and by @DaveE show the links as a Red arrow in a blank background and copies here as a blank area, thusly:









Tom
 
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