Uranium 235 over Polonium 210 in Nuclear Plants?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the comparison of uranium-235 and polonium-210 in the context of their potential use in nuclear power plants and bombs. Participants explore the properties of these isotopes, particularly focusing on radioactivity, fission capability, and energy production.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions why polonium-210, being highly radioactive, is not used in nuclear plants or bombs, suggesting it could produce more energy and cause more damage than uranium-235 or plutonium-239.
  • Another participant challenges the assertion that polonium is the most radioactive element, noting that all elements have isotopes with varying lifetimes and that polonium-210 has a relatively long lifetime compared to other isotopes.
  • A participant clarifies that nuclear power plants require fissile isotopes for fission, and polonium-210 is not fissile, which is a critical factor in its non-use in these applications.
  • One participant explains that while any sufficiently large and unstable atom can theoretically undergo fission with enough energy, the goal is to use fissile materials that can sustain a reaction with minimal energy input, which polonium-210 cannot provide.
  • Fissile materials mentioned include uranium-233, uranium-235, and plutonium-239, highlighting the specific requirements for materials used in nuclear reactions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that polonium-210 is not suitable for use in nuclear power plants or bombs due to its lack of fissile properties. However, there is some disagreement regarding the characterization of polonium's radioactivity compared to other elements.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights the importance of distinguishing between radioactivity and fissility, as well as the practical limitations of using certain isotopes in nuclear applications.

Physics-GEEK
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I was researching on radioactive elements and found out that polonium is the most radioactive element and the most radioactive isotope of polonium (out of 33!) is polonium 210. So I was wondering why it isn't used in nuclear plants and bombs. I know that if a slow neutron was to hit uranium 235 or plutonium 239, it would cause a fission reaction and one of the main reasons for this is because uranium and plutonium are radioactive and have a high fission probability. But if polonium is more radioactive, shouldn't it produce more energy from a fission reaction and therefore cause much more damage (in the case of a nuclear bomb) and create much more energy (in the case of a nuclear power plant) than uranium-235 or plutonium 239? And if so, why don't they use polonium 210 in nuclear bombs and plants? And if not, why?
Thanks in advance!
 
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Physics-GEEK said:
found out that polonium is the most radioactive element
That statement does not make sense. Every element has isotopes with different lifetimes (some also have stable isotopes). Polonium-210 has a long lifetime compared to many other polonium isotopes.

Nuclear power plants use fission, the splitting of nuclei into two (sometimes three) smaller nuclei. They need isotopes that can undergo fission. Polonium-210 cannot. This has nothing to do with radioactivity.
There is also no large-scale source of Polonium-210.
 
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Ok thanks so much. I never knew that Polonium 210 wasn't a fissile isotope so thanks for clarifying.
 
Any atom of sufficient size and instability can be made to fission if hit with enough energy. But the goal of using fission to create power is to create a self sustaining reaction. This requires the isotope to be fissile, meaning the isotope already wants to fall apart, you basically just have to touch it to get it going. Something like Po-210, you would put a ton of energy into get it to fission but you wouldn't get much energy out of it.

Fissile materials are U-233, U-235 and Pu-239.
 

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