# Using complex exponentials to prove 1+acostheta

1. Sep 6, 2012

### captainemeric

1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
Use complex exponentials to prove 1 + acos(theta) + a^2cos(2theta) + a^3cos(3theta)... = (1 - acos(theta))/(1 - 2acos(theta) + a^2)

2. Relevant equations

euler's e^itheta/2 +e^-itheta/2=2cos(2theta)

3. The attempt at a solution

a^(n)cos(ntheta) = e^nitheta = e^-nitheta

from there i got the series

(a^n(e^itheta)^n)/2

now from here I think I setup the summation formula but this is where I get stuck. Any help is greatly apprecited.

2. Sep 6, 2012

Is |a| < 1?

3. Sep 6, 2012

### captainemeric

Yes, a is a real constant and |a| < 1. sorry about that

4. Sep 6, 2012

### voko

$$a^n \cos n\theta = a^n\frac {e^{in\theta} + e^{-in\theta}} {2} = \frac {a^ne^{in\theta} + a^ne^{-in\theta}} {2} = \frac {p^n + q^n} {2} \\ p = (\ln a)e^{i\theta}, \ |p| < 1 \\ q = (\ln a)e^{-i\theta}, \ |q| < 1$$

What is the sum of $p^n$ and $q^n$?

5. Sep 6, 2012

### captainemeric

That makes sense. That will then give me a real and an imaginary result of which I take the real I believe. Also, I apologize for the typo on the first post.

6. Sep 7, 2012

### voko

Well, you can take the real part, but the sum is real anyway.