What causes potential difference in the conductor?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the causes of potential difference in conductors, particularly in the context of changing magnetic flux and its relationship to induced electromotive force (EMF). Participants explore both classical and quantum physics explanations, as well as the implications of Maxwell's equations.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the nature of potential difference in conductors, specifically why changing magnetic flux induces EMF, and expresses confusion about the role of free electrons in this process.
  • Another participant asserts that a changing magnetic field cannot exist without an accompanying electric field, referencing Faraday's Law to explain that the electric field is responsible for the electric potential difference.
  • A subsequent reply seeks a quantum physics explanation for EMF, suggesting that the alignment of electric field vectors with the magnetic field could lead to electron movement, but questions why this would occur in a short circuit scenario.
  • Another participant emphasizes that a changing magnetic flux inherently includes an electric field, which affects electrons and induces current in a conductor.
  • A brief mention of Maxwell's equations is made, suggesting their relevance to the discussion without further elaboration.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the relationship between magnetic fields, electric fields, and potential difference. There is no consensus on the quantum explanation of EMF or the implications of these concepts.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes assumptions about the behavior of electrons in electric and magnetic fields, and the implications of Maxwell's equations are not fully explored. Some mathematical relationships are referenced but not resolved in detail.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying electromagnetism, particularly in the context of potential difference and induced EMF, as well as individuals curious about the interplay between classical and quantum physics explanations.

George_Tailor
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What cause potential difference in the conductor? I mean why the changing magnetic flux induce EMF? I understand the basics but I can't understand it. What I know: there is free electrons on the surface of a copper conductor. Electron have electric field vector and magnetic field vector and these are perpendicular. Electric vector point to the protons/core usually but these are delocalized electrons. In a changing magnetic flux these electrons always turn to the opposite side of flux with their magnetic vector but don't move. That's all, just turn. Why build it EMF? Where is the potential difference?
 
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Hello George! Welcome to PF! :smile:
George_Tailor said:
…there is free electrons on the surface of a copper conductor. Electron have electric field vector and magnetic field vector and …

No, you are treating "a changing magnetic flux" as if that is all there is.

You cannot have a changing magnetic field without an electric field

Faraday's Law (one of Maxwell's equations) says ∂B/∂t = -curlE

it's that E which cause the electric potential difference! :wink:
 
tiny-tim said:
Hello George! Welcome to PF! :smile:


No, you are treating "a changing magnetic flux" as if that is all there is.

You cannot have a changing magnetic field without an electric field

Faraday's Law (one of Maxwell's equations) says ∂B/∂t = -curlE

it's that E which cause the electric potential difference! :wink:


OK, I know the equation and all what you say. But what is the quantum physics explanation of this EMF? You mean if the magnetic field sort electrons in the same direction the electric field vectors of these also will point in one direction and this cause EMF? But why these electrons start to move in a short circuit?
 
George_Tailor said:
You mean if the magnetic field sort electrons in the same direction the electric field vectors of these also will point in one direction and this cause EMF?

Sorry, George, but I don't know what you mean. :confused:

A changing magnetic flux includes an electric field.

That electric field (obviously) affects the electrons, and it induces a current in a conductor.
 

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