In monochromatic red light, a blue book primarily appears black because it absorbs all red wavelengths and reflects none. However, the specific shade of blue can affect this outcome, as some blues may reflect small amounts of red. The discussion highlights that the reflection coefficient at the red wavelength is crucial for determining the perceived color. The conversation suggests that this scenario resembles a typical homework question related to color perception in different lighting. Understanding the interaction between light and color is essential in this context.