What factors influence the direction of emitted photons from an atom?

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SUMMARY

The direction of emitted photons from an atom is generally random and not spatially correlated in free atoms. When electrons transition between orbits, they release photons in various directions, resulting in an average direction of zero. However, the conditions surrounding the atom, such as its position and orientation, can influence the emission direction. Techniques like laser technology can induce specific directional emission and polarization among groups of atoms.

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delingwithbob
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Hi
sorry my english I am french. :)

So I was wondering what's the direction of light?
I understand light is composed of photons and those are released when electrons
change orbit.
But if 10 000 photons are released what direction will they take and why ?
Tell me if I am wrong about some stuff (i am new to this)
Thanks
 
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The light emitted by an orbital transition in general is not correlated spatially in a free atom. This means that the light is free to be emitted in any general direction, and that the "average" of the directions of emitted photons should be zero.

Since the spontaneous emission of a photon after excitation is a statistical property, with a statistical lifetime, the conditions of the atom, such as it's position, orientation etc can affect the direction of the emitted photon, if you wish to think about it in this way.

However, there are ways you can induce an atom to emit in a specific direction, with a particular polarization etc, and to get a group of atoms to emit their photons in the same direction. This is how a laser is created.
 

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