So how well populated are different areas of South Korea?
A lot. Many of the different areas are basically smaller versions of seoul.
What cities did you go to?
I personally went to Busan, Masan, Daejon (My father lives there) and too many other to mention. I personally lived in Seoul all my life before coming to london.
Did you visit any rural areas?
Great rural areas and places of history. gyungju, for example, is the place where the greatest (arguably) collection of Sinya dynasty buddhist temple, exists, along with fantastic tombs.
What did you buy? How was the food?
Good, although there will be questionable favourites or some westerners. (Personally, I don't CARE you care about dogs. If it is tasty, Ill still eat it. note, this does NOT mean that I won't have a dog as a pet)
What was the extent of globalization?
Too general of a question to answer
How close were military influences where you were?
Contrary of what some might think, NONE. Only the border is noticeable heavily armed.
What was the general attire?
Normal
How were women treated different than men?
Most treat them equal, but some don't. Like nearly any other country out there.
What kind of jobs did people have?
Too general of a question to answer.
Any especially notable places you visited?
Gyungju, Busan and of course, Seoul.