What is Computing with Real Neurons and What Research Exists in This Field?

[Pythagorean]

Is there a name for this or any research in it? I remember this:

http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/08/how-to-train-yo/

but I can't find anything else like it.

 

[Proton Soup]

it sounds like they're doing some black box system identification work.