What is the definition of latent heat and how does it apply to phase changes?

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SUMMARY

Latent heat is defined as the amount of energy absorbed or released during a phase change without altering the temperature of a substance. For example, the latent heat of vaporization for water is 2257 kJ/kg, meaning 2257 kJ is required to vaporize 1 kg of water at 100°C under standard pressure. If only half a kilogram of water is vaporized, the energy required is 1123.5 kJ, which is half of the total latent heat. The discussion clarifies that latent heat applies to any phase change, regardless of the amount of substance undergoing the change.

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  • Understanding of phase changes in substances
  • Familiarity with thermodynamic concepts
  • Knowledge of energy units, specifically kJ (kilojoules)
  • Basic principles of heat transfer
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I need some clarifications on the precise definitions and scope of latent heat. My textbook defines latent heat as the amount of energy absorbed or releases during a phase change process. So if I have a pot of liquid water and I vaporize it completely, then the latent heat is simply the energy I had to put into the system to completely vaporize the water? What if I only vaporize half of the liquid water? Would the latent heat be the energy I had to put into the system in order for that to happen or does latent heat not apply to this situation because not all of the water is vaporized?
 
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Latent Heat is the amount of energy needed to change the state of a substance without changing it's temperature. That's the concept. The quantity is usually defined to be the amount of heat needed to change the state of a standard reference mass of the substance since it clearly takes more heat to change the state of more substance.

eg. - the latent heat of vaporizaton for water is 2257kJ/kg ... i.e. you need 2257kJ to vaporize 1kg of water at 100degC (at std pressure). If you vaporized half a kg, that would need 1123.5kJ or half as much.

If you supplied 2.257kW of heat to the water, then it would take 1000s to vaporize 1kg of water.
 

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