The term 'surface term' typically refers to a mathematical expression that arises from integrating over the boundary of a region, contrasting with bulk or volume terms that involve integration over the entire region. It is often encountered in physics, particularly in contexts like quantum field theory and conservation laws, where surface terms relate to the flux of quantities through boundaries. The discussion highlights the connection between surface terms and integration by parts, illustrating their role in mathematical formulations. Additionally, participants share insights on using HTML for mathematical notation, emphasizing the importance of proper formatting for clarity. Understanding surface terms is crucial for grasping advanced concepts in physics and mathematics.