What's the difference between neutral and stable?

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the distinction between neutral and stable molecules, using the H2 molecule as a primary example. H2 is both neutral, due to having an equal number of protons and electrons, and stable, as it does not spontaneously dissociate under normal conditions due to high bonding energy. The conversation also touches on the nature of radicals, which are often unstable, and provides analogies for stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium. The key takeaway is that stability refers to a molecule's resistance to dissociation, while neutrality pertains to its charge.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of molecular structure and bonding, specifically covalent bonds.
  • Familiarity with concepts of stability in chemical compounds.
  • Basic knowledge of atomic structure, including protons and electrons.
  • Awareness of equilibrium concepts in physics and chemistry.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties of covalent bonds in various molecules.
  • Learn about the stability of radicals and their implications in chemical reactions.
  • Explore the concept of equilibrium in chemical systems, focusing on stable and unstable states.
  • Investigate the behavior of charged molecules and their stability, such as He2+.
USEFUL FOR

Chemistry students, educators, and professionals interested in molecular chemistry, particularly those studying molecular stability and equilibrium concepts.

HCverma
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What's the difference between neutral and stable? As an example of H2. Here two H atoms combine and make an H2 molecule. Now two H atoms are neutral as they have the same number of protons and electrons. So the H2 molecule is neutral. on the other hand. Two H atoms combine through a covalent bond and complete their valence electrons shells. At this condition this molecule is stable. So what to call this H2 molecule neutral or stable?
 
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H2 is both neutral and stable.
 
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In this context, stable means that it does not spontaneously dissociate. That means the bonding energy of H2 is so high (compared to the lowest H2 stable point at given pressure) that the H2 do not dissociate into two hydrogen atoms unless they are put in a severely intense conditions. Neutral is simply a term concerning charge of the compound.

Radicals are often unstable, and they can be radical cation, radical anion, or neutral radical. Of course, many compounds show instability when charged (not neutral) but not always. Stable and neutral are two different description to a compound.
 
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What is an example of a molecule/compound that is somewhat stable when charged?
 
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I am giving a very simple answer without a use of any technical terms. Stable equilibrium - Suppose a ball inside a ring. You displace it by some distance. Then it returns toward the normal or mean position. Unstable equilibrium - Suppose a ball on a sphere, exactly kept above it, and if disturbed it will fall down or will go away from the mean position. Neutral equilibrium - Suppose a ball on the ground at rest, you push it and it will not have any tendency to come back at go away from the mean position, that is it is in equilibrium at every instant.
 
The member who asked the question is on temporary vacation from PF. Some very good answers given. Thanks.

Thread is closed.
 
jim mcnamara said:
The member who asked the question is on temporary vacation from PF. Some very good answers given. Thanks.

Thread is closed.
I can see its still open :wideeyed:
 

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