When Did Light Begin Its Journey From a Supernova?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the timing of light emitted from supernovae and the implications of distance and relativistic effects such as time dilation and length contraction. Participants explore how to communicate these concepts accurately, particularly in relation to layman understanding and educational contexts.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose that it is approximately correct to tell laypeople that a supernova observed 10 million light-years away occurred 10 million years ago, as that is the time it takes for light to reach us.
  • Others argue that time dilation and length contraction are not relevant for this problem, especially for nearby supernovae that are not moving relativistically with respect to Earth.
  • A participant mentions a web explanation of time dilation and length contraction involving a journey to Alpha Centauri, expressing uncertainty about its relevance to the supernova discussion.
  • Some participants express concern about potentially misleading educational messages regarding the implications of relativistic effects when teaching children about supernovae.
  • A later reply discusses the use of spacetime diagrams and the Lorentz Transformation to illustrate how distances and times are perceived differently in various frames of reference.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that the light from a supernova indicates when it occurred relative to Earth, but there is disagreement regarding the relevance of relativistic effects in this context. Some participants are concerned about the implications of including these effects in educational explanations.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes references to specific calculations and concepts from relativity, but some participants express uncertainty about the calculations involved and how they apply to the main question regarding supernovae.

Romulo Binuya
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When media reports a supernova it sounds like it happened just a while ago despite the photon stream came from say 10 million light-years away. Is it approximately correct to tell the layman that actually that supernova happened 10 million years ago because it took that time for its light to reach us? I like to include time dilation and length contraction in the calculation of when exactly light started its journey away from a supernova. Unfortunately, I don't know yet how to calculate that :-D
 
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Romulo Binuya said:
When media reports a supernova it sounds like it happened just a while ago despite the photon stream came from say 10 million light-years away. Is it approximately correct to tell the layman that actually that supernova happened 10 million years ago because it took that time for its light to reach us?
yes.

I like to include time dilation and length contraction in the calculation of when exactly light started its journey away from a supernova. Unfortunately, I don't know yet how to calculate that.

You don't need to consider either - they aren't involved in this problem.
 
Nugatory said:
You don't need to consider either - they aren't involved in this problem.
At least for nearby ones, which aren't moving fast wrt us.
 
Well, presumably a reporter on Earth would report on events wrt Earth's frame, so even for a relativistically moving star you wouldn't need to worry about length contraction and time dilation. After all, reporters rarely bother to report both sides of a story.
 
Someone in the web explained time dilation and length contraction, and he said "A journey to the 4.3 light-years distant Alpha Centauri C, the closest star to our Sun, would take only 7.4 months in a spaceship moving at 0.99c". Since he didn't show the calculation and I don't know yet how to do it myself, my judgement is deferred.
 
Romulo Binuya said:
Someone in the web explained time dilation and length contraction, and he said "A journey to the 4.3 light-years distant Alpha Centauri C, the closest star to our Sun, would take only 7.4 months in a spaceship moving at 0.99c". Since he didn't show the calculation and I don't know yet how to do it myself, my judgement is deferred.

Your judgement about WHAT? This has nothing to do with your question, as nugatory has already stated.
 
I agree with Nugatory, that's what I've been telling the kids, that if the photon stream of a supernova came from 10 million light-years away then that supernova happened 10 million years ago. But that guy who thrown in time dilation and length contraction in the equation made me worried that I might misleading the kids.
 
Romulo Binuya said:
Someone in the web explained time dilation and length contraction, and he said "A journey to the 4.3 light-years distant Alpha Centauri C, the closest star to our Sun, would take only 7.4 months in a spaceship moving at 0.99c". Since he didn't show the calculation and I don't know yet how to do it myself, my judgement is deferred.
The calculations are based on the Lorentz Transformation. I have drawn a couple spacetime diagrams to show you the results. First a diagram showing Earth as the thick blue line with dots spaced one year apart, Alpha Centauri C as the thick red line 4.3 light years away from Earth and a spaceship as the thick black line traveling for one year of its own Proper Time. I have also shown a light signal as the thin blue line just below the spaceship sent to the star:

attachment.php?attachmentid=60879&stc=1&d=1376416540.png

As you can see, in the earth-star rest frame, it takes just over 4.3 years for the spaceship to get to the star at 99%c.

Now if we use the Lorentz Transformation process to convert to the rest frame of the spaceship we get:

attachment.php?attachmentid=60880&stc=1&d=1376416540.png

Now the distance between the Earth and the star is contracted and so the spaceship can get there in just over 7 months.
 

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You made it look simple ghwellsjr! I have an illusion I'm starting to understand the not intuitive warped spacetime. So in one perspective i.e. diagram no.1 I'm not misleading the kids. Btw, this article had it too in the same way, but then they have reason to emphasize it... about a supernova that happened 7 billion light-years away and the three little photons that traveled for 7 billion years...
http://www.space.com/17399-gamma-ray-photons-quantum-spacetime.html
 

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