Where does the current go in this RL circuit?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the behavior of current in an RL circuit when switch 2 opens, particularly focusing on the implications of this action on the inductor and the energy release mechanisms involved. Participants explore theoretical and practical aspects of the circuit's operation, including ideal versus non-ideal conditions.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that the current in an inductor cannot change instantaneously, raising questions about where the current goes when switch 2 opens.
  • One participant suggests that the current flows into the parasitic capacitance of the circuit, which limits the peak transient voltage when switch 2 is opened.
  • Another participant mentions that the current could also lead to arcing at the switch contacts when they open.
  • A different viewpoint posits that, considering ideal components, the current would continue to flow through the battery by jumping across the air gap created by the opening switch contacts, resulting in high voltage conditions.
  • Some participants emphasize the non-ideal nature of real components, suggesting that ideal inductors and switches are theoretical constructs that do not fully represent practical scenarios.
  • One participant introduces an analogy related to ignition systems, discussing how the characteristics of the circuit components affect voltage and current behavior in practical applications.
  • Another participant highlights that even ideal mechanical switches may still arc due to the rapid change in contact separation, despite being considered ideal.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a mix of agreement and disagreement regarding the behavior of the circuit under the specified conditions. While some acknowledge the potential for arcing and energy dissipation through parasitic capacitance, others emphasize the theoretical aspects of ideal components, leading to multiple competing views on the topic.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include the dependence on ideal versus non-ideal assumptions, the unresolved nature of the energy release mechanisms, and the varying interpretations of circuit behavior under different conditions.

Who May Find This Useful

This discussion may be of interest to those studying electrical engineering, circuit design, or anyone looking to understand the dynamics of RL circuits and the implications of switching actions on current flow.

tomizzo
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Hi there,

I'm struggling to wrap my head around a 'should-be-simple' problem involving an RL circuit. Referring to the image I've pasted below, what happens if we were to remove switch 1, and instead created a scenario where switch 2 simply opens? Where would the current go in the inductor?

I know that the current in an inductor can't instantaneously change, however, if switch 2 opens, it is now located on an abandoned branch thus can't allow current to flow...

How is the energy in the inductor is released?

ET93X.png
 
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tomizzo said:
Hi there,

I'm struggling to wrap my head around a 'should-be-simple' problem involving an RL circuit. Referring to the image I've pasted below, what happens if we were to remove switch 1, and instead created a scenario where switch 2 simply opens? Where would the current go in the inductor?

I know that the current in an inductor can't instantaneously change, however, if switch 2 opens, it is now located on an abandoned branch thus can't allow current to flow...

How is the energy in the inductor is released?

ET93X.png
It flows into the parasitic capacitance of the circuit, which is mostly the parasitic capacitance of the inductor. That's what limits the peak transient voltage when you open S2 -- The inductor current charges the parasitic capacitance.
 
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Interesting, I didn't suspect the answer would become a non-ideal situation. I will look further into this.

Much appreciated Berkeman and Jim!
 
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tomizzo said:
what happens if we were to remove switch 1, and instead created a scenario where switch 2 simply opens? Where would the current go in the inductor?
Considering ideal components, then the current will continue to flow on its path through the battery by jumping across the air gap between the opening switch contacts. This entails a high voltage, but that is available when di/dt is 'rapid'.

As Jim indicated, this reveals itself as sparking/arcing at the switch contacts as they open.
 
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ideal components exist only in our mind. So we must "tune" our thought experiments to come as close to reality as we need for the task at hand. We add to our mind's picture other ideal components to bring the circuit closer to reality.

The painless way to remember inductors is with this riddle:
"How high will an ideal inductor push the voltage?
To whatever is necessary to maintain current flow."Ideal inductors can make infinite volts. Ideal switches won't arc.
As your first post correctly suggested, "Something's got to give." Even if it's the insulation .

old jim
 
@tomizzo Your RL circuit co closely resembles an ignition that i just can't resist...

spark1.jpg
In gearhead jargon S is the points and C the condenser ,
and L is Coil - a tapped inductor with thousands of turns in the top but few in the bottom
R is is sized for a couple amps
C is sized maybe 0.22uf, to give dv/dt around 10 volts per microsecond so the switch contacts will have time to separate a bit before voltage gets high enough to arc there
Tapped coil produces a lot more voltage at its top than across those few turns near bottom
When voltage across C reaches a couple hundred volts voltage at top of the coil is enough to spark the plug.

That's inductance you can feel.
 
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jim hardy said:
Ideal inductors can make infinite volts. Ideal switches won't arc.
I think we must concede that even an ideal mechanical switch may well arc. It comprises two metal contacts, they're ideal, they go from being in perfect contact to no contact in zero time, that's ideal, then they move apart as fast as you care to nominate, to as wide a spacing as you care to nominate. However you may wish to color this in, that ∞ value of ##\frac {di}{dt}## will still determinedly arc across the widening gap.
 

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