Why are Photons affected by gravity?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the question of why photons, which are massless particles, are affected by gravity. Participants explore concepts related to gravity, spacetime, and the interaction of light with gravitational fields, touching on both theoretical and conceptual aspects.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the understanding that only objects with mass interact with the warping of spacetime, suggesting that while mass causes warping, photons are affected by this curvature as they travel through it.
  • Another participant notes that photons have zero rest mass but are never at rest, implying they possess a form of mass in the context of their interaction with gravity.
  • A participant references the electromagnetic field's stress-energy tensor as a factor in gravitational interactions, indicating a lack of a unified framework between quantum theory and general relativity.
  • There is a repeated inquiry about whether photons, despite being massless, contribute to gravitational effects themselves.
  • One participant introduces the idea that light behaves similarly to waves in a medium, suggesting that light slows down in a gravitational field, akin to refraction in materials like glass.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the nature of photons and their relationship with gravity, particularly regarding whether they possess mass and how they interact with spacetime. The discussion remains unresolved with multiple competing perspectives.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the discussion regarding the definitions of mass in different contexts, the implications of the stress-energy tensor, and the lack of a comprehensive theory that integrates quantum mechanics with general relativity.

Commander8bal
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Hi there,

I was wondering if anyone could tell me why a photon is affected by gravity? From my current understanding of gravity, only objects with mass are able interact with the warping of space time. Why then, would a photon or any other massless particles have there vectors be deviated by other objects around them?

Thanks for your time in feeding my hungry mind.
 
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I think your current understanding of gravity needs to be revised. As lacking as my knowledge of general relativity is, I can nonetheless tell you that what your statement should have said was:

"...only objects with mass are able to *cause* the warping of spacetime"

The warping of spacetime, however, affects anything that travels through it, including photons. Photons in the vicinity of some object that *does* have mass and *is* warping spacetime will travel on curved paths simply by virtue of the fact that the region of spacetime in which they are traveling is curved.
 
Because photons only have zero rest mass. But since they are never at rest, they do have mass.

Very strictly speaking, "photon" is a term from quantum theory, while the "gravitational mass of an electromagnetic field" is an idea from General relativity, and there is as yet no framework which incorporates both theories properly. So perhaps I should say that the electromagnetic field has a non-zero stress-energy tensor which enters into the Einstein field equation of General Relativity. However, lax language about the mass of a photon is traditional in physics:

Apparent Weight of Photons
R. V. Pound and G. A. Rebka
Phys. Rev. Lett. 4, 337 (1960)
http://prl.aps.org/50years/milestones
http://focus.aps.org/story/v16/st1

See also Count Iblis's post #48 at:
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=251161
 
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Thanks for the clarification on gravitational interaction of particles. Just one more question though, do Photons having mass or being massless give off gravity themselves?
 
Commander8bal said:
Thanks for the clarification on gravitational interaction of particles. Just one more question though, do Photons having mass or being massless give off gravity themselves?

Yes, a photon is affected by the curvature of space, and also causes space to be curved.
 
time passes more slowly in a gravitational field. a light wave passing through will slow down. the light refracts exactly as it does when passing through any material, like glass, which causes light to slow down.

thats my understanding of it anyway.
 

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