Why does an active potential create an electric impulse?

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An active potential creates an electric impulse by causing a rapid depolarization of the axon's membrane, initiated when ion channels open, allowing sodium ions to flow in. This depolarization travels along the axon, similar to a chain reaction, triggering the release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminal when the action potential reaches it. The resting potential maintains a voltage difference across the membrane, but it does not cause an impulse until the threshold is crossed. Hyperpolarization occurs when the membrane potential becomes more negative than resting potential, inhibiting further action potentials. Understanding these processes is essential for grasping how nerve impulses transmit signals throughout the body.
  • #31
You have asked a question that requires re-writing the whole textbook here!

I'd be specific then. Electricity flows through nerves in a different manner than your conventional wires. Resting potential is maintained by the voltage-gated channels, Sodium, potassium ions and anions. If you want a very simple understanding of this process, I recommend Board Review Series Physiology (For USMLE Step1). It has very simple yet effective explanations of all that you need to know, as opposed to other major textbooks that can sometimes yield confusing material.

"Doesn't this show that normal cardiac myocytes have resting potential. If they are having resting potential how could they have automacity?"

Nope! The myocytes of the pacemakers have an inherent unstable resting potential that always rises due to the leakiness of the sodium channels till the critical voltage is passed and the calcium channels open up.
 

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