Why does an active potential create an electric impulse?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the mechanisms of electric impulses in axons, particularly focusing on the role of ion channels, action potentials, and neurotransmitter release. Participants explore concepts related to resting potential, depolarization, and the dynamics of ion movement across neuronal membranes.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants express confusion about how current flows in axons and the nature of electric impulses, questioning whether current flows vertically and why resting potential does not cause an impulse.
  • One participant suggests that there is no actual current flow due to a potential difference created by ion pumps, and that depolarization occurs when channels open in the membrane.
  • Another participant describes the action potential as a series of events akin to falling dominos, emphasizing the role of ion pumps in maintaining and restoring membrane potential.
  • Several participants discuss the threshold for action potentials, noting that it typically occurs around -55mV and involves a positive feedback mechanism with sodium ions.
  • Questions are raised about the release of neurotransmitters, with one participant explaining that neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles and released when an action potential reaches the axon terminal, triggered by calcium ion influx.
  • There is a discussion about hyperpolarization and its relationship to action potentials, with some participants clarifying that hyperpolarization is a state where the membrane potential is more negative than resting potential.
  • One participant mentions potassium leak channels as being open during resting potential, contributing to the maintenance of the membrane potential.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express various levels of understanding and confusion regarding the mechanisms of action potentials and neurotransmitter release, indicating that multiple competing views and interpretations remain. No consensus is reached on several points, particularly regarding the specifics of ion flow and the nature of electric impulses.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference specific concepts such as ion pumps, IPSP, EPSP, and the axon hillock, but there are limitations in the clarity of definitions and the assumptions underlying their discussions. Some mathematical and biochemical details remain unresolved.

  • #31
You have asked a question that requires re-writing the whole textbook here!

I'd be specific then. Electricity flows through nerves in a different manner than your conventional wires. Resting potential is maintained by the voltage-gated channels, Sodium, potassium ions and anions. If you want a very simple understanding of this process, I recommend Board Review Series Physiology (For USMLE Step1). It has very simple yet effective explanations of all that you need to know, as opposed to other major textbooks that can sometimes yield confusing material.

"Doesn't this show that normal cardiac myocytes have resting potential. If they are having resting potential how could they have automacity?"

Nope! The myocytes of the pacemakers have an inherent unstable resting potential that always rises due to the leakiness of the sodium channels till the critical voltage is passed and the calcium channels open up.
 

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