An excited electron in an atom decays to the ground state due to the instability of energy eigenstates, which can be perturbed by external factors, leading to photon emission. When an electron absorbs energy, it transitions to a higher energy state, while de-excitation occurs as it loses energy, moving back to a more stable, lower energy state. The energy levels of electrons arise from their interaction with the atomic nucleus, emphasizing that these levels are not inherent to the electrons themselves. Discussions around the terminology of "excited electrons" versus the atom's state highlight the complexity of quantum mechanics and the importance of understanding the electron-nucleus relationship. Ultimately, the behavior of electrons in atoms is fundamentally different from classical systems, necessitating a quantum mechanical perspective.