Why does Newtonian mechanics include relative motion between inertial frames?

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SUMMARY

Newtonian mechanics asserts that there are infinitely many inertial frames of reference, all of which are valid for analyzing motion. The absence of an absolute reference frame necessitates the consideration of relative motion between these inertial frames. While Newtonian physics allows for the analysis of non-inertial frames, it requires the introduction of fictitious forces to account for the effects of acceleration. This framework fundamentally shapes our understanding of motion and reference frames in classical mechanics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's laws of motion
  • Familiarity with the concept of inertial and non-inertial frames
  • Basic knowledge of fictitious forces in physics
  • Comprehension of relative motion principles
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of Newton's laws in different inertial frames
  • Explore the derivation and application of fictitious forces in non-inertial frames
  • Investigate the concept of absolute space versus relative motion in classical mechanics
  • Examine the transition from Newtonian mechanics to Einstein's theory of relativity
USEFUL FOR

Physics students, educators, and anyone interested in classical mechanics and the foundational principles of motion and reference frames.

am2010
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I know that in Newtonian mechanics an inertial frame of reference moves relative to absolute space. But why does Newtonian mechanics include the contention that two inertial reference frames move relative to each other?

It seems that if you have an absolute reference frame then there is no need for reference frames that can also move relative to one another.
 
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There is no absolute frame in Newtonian Physics. There are infinitely many inertial frames. They are all good choices. Furthermore, Newtonian Physics does provide you with ways of working in non-inertial frames, but fictitious forces must then be included.
 

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