Why Does Poisson's Ratio Differ for Different Materials?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the differences in Poisson's ratio for various materials, exploring the theoretical implications of assuming constant volume in rods and the conditions under which different values of Poisson's ratio arise. The scope includes theoretical considerations and material properties.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants assert that Poisson's ratio should be 0.5 for any rod if the volume remains constant, questioning why this is not the case for different materials.
  • Others suggest that while materials attempt to maintain constant volume, realistic intermolecular forces often lead to variations in Poisson's ratio, which can drop to values like 0.3.
  • It is proposed that for materials to maintain constant volume, they would need to be incompressible.
  • Another viewpoint clarifies that incompressibility is not strictly necessary; rather, a shear modulus of zero would suffice, allowing for liquids to meet this condition even if not perfectly incompressible.
  • A mathematical identity relating Poisson's ratio to bulk and shear moduli is presented, indicating that Poisson's ratio is undefined for perfectly incompressible materials.
  • Further discussion highlights that if the shear modulus is zero, Young's modulus must also be zero unless Poisson's ratio is exactly 1/2, which implies infinite bulk modulus and incompressibility.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the conditions required for constant volume and the implications for Poisson's ratio, indicating that multiple competing perspectives remain without consensus.

Contextual Notes

Limitations in the discussion include assumptions about material behavior, the definitions of incompressibility, and the implications of shear and bulk moduli on Poisson's ratio, which remain unresolved.

Prathamesh
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For any rod Poisson's ratio should be
same i.e. 0.5 (we get this ans if we find
(dr/r) / (dl/l) ) assuming that
volume of rod always remains constant...
But why it is not so ?
We have different ratios for different materials..
 
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Prathamesh said:
For any rod Poisson's ratio should be
same i.e. 0.5 (we get this ans if we find
(dr/r) / (dl/l) ) assuming that
volume of rod always remains constant...
But why it is not so ?
We have different ratios for different materials..

the materials try to keep their volume constant but intermolecular forces are 'realistic' forces and many a time it falls short and the ratio goes to 0.3 or such values. the hooks law which is used also can be said to be working approximations.
 
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For their volume to be constant, all materials would have to be incompressible.
 
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Chestermiller said:
For their volume to be constant, all materials would have to be incompressible.

Not quite; they would only need to have a shear modulus of zero. A liquid would satisfy this requirement, even if it is not perfectly incompressible. You can conclude this from the identity $$\nu=\frac{3K-2G}{2(3K+G)}$$ where ##\nu## is the Poisson's ratio, ##K## is the bulk modulus, and ##G## is the shear modulus. Note that the Poisson's ratio is undefined for a perfectly incompressible material (i.e., one for which ##K=\infty##).
 
Mapes said:
Not quite; they would only need to have a shear modulus of zero. A liquid would satisfy this requirement, even if it is not perfectly incompressible. You can conclude this from the identity $$\nu=\frac{3K-2G}{2(3K+G)}$$ where ##\nu## is the Poisson's ratio, ##K## is the bulk modulus, and ##G## is the shear modulus. Note that the Poisson's ratio is undefined for a perfectly incompressible material (i.e., one for which ##K=\infty##).
If the shear modulus is zero, then Young's modulus is zero, which means that, unless the Poisson ratio is equal to 1/2, the bulk modulus is zero. If the Young's modulus is not zero and the Poisson ratio is equal to 1/2, the bulk modulus is infinite, and the material is incompressible.
 

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