Why does water have a high specific heat?

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SUMMARY

Water exhibits a high specific heat due to its molecular structure, specifically its polarity and the presence of hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds restrict molecular movement, requiring more energy to change the temperature of water. Additionally, water's low molecular mass allows for a greater number of moles per kilogram, and its non-linear molecular shape contributes to its specific heat by utilizing all three rotational degrees of freedom. Understanding these factors is crucial for AP Biology students and anyone studying thermodynamics.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of molecular polarity
  • Knowledge of hydrogen bonding
  • Familiarity with specific heat capacity concepts
  • Basic principles of thermodynamics
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the role of hydrogen bonds in water's properties
  • Study the specific heat capacity of other substances, such as NH3
  • Explore the implications of high specific heat in climate and biology
  • Learn about molecular mass and its effects on thermal properties
USEFUL FOR

This discussion is beneficial for AP Biology students, educators, and anyone interested in the thermodynamic properties of water and their implications in biological systems.

moose
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I am writting an essay for AP biology when I realize I am not entirely sure why water has a high specific heat. I thought for a moment it may be because of its polarity and hydrogen bonds keeping the molecules from moving too much too easily in a sense. I only have one day to do that's . I searched google and all I got were pages saying that water has high specific heat, but not why.

Thanks :smile:
 
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Because it is one of the lightest non-linear molecules.

1. low molecular mass - so more moles per kg
2. non-linear molecule - all 3 rotational degrees of freedom contribute to the specific heat

PS : see also NH3
 

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