Why does water with no gravity acting upon it form a sphere?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on why water forms a spherical shape in the absence of gravity, exploring concepts related to surface tension, molecular interactions, and energy transformations. Participants delve into the nature of liquids versus solids and the implications of these properties in a weightless environment.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants suggest that surface tension is the primary reason water forms a sphere, as it minimizes the number of molecules not surrounded by others.
  • Others argue that while surface tension explains the spherical shape, it does not fully account for why liquids can flow and deform into a sphere while solids cannot.
  • A participant questions the source of energy that causes water molecules to rearrange into a sphere and whether this process involves a loss of thermal energy.
  • Some contributions mention that the sphere represents a minimal potential energy configuration for the molecules, but the specifics of energy transformation remain unclear.
  • There is a discussion about the first law of thermodynamics and its applicability in a vacuum, with some asserting that it applies universally.
  • Participants note that cohesion forces play a significant role in the formation of spherical shapes, especially in the absence of gravity.
  • Some mention the behavior of other materials, such as iron and glass, in relation to surface tension and energy configurations, raising questions about the differences between liquids and solids.
  • Observations from space station videos showing droplets forming spheres are referenced, suggesting that surface tension alone may not fully explain the phenomenon.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree that surface tension is a key factor in the formation of spherical shapes in water, but there is no consensus on the completeness of this explanation. Multiple competing views regarding the nature of energy transformations and the differences between liquids and solids remain unresolved.

Contextual Notes

Participants express uncertainty about the energy dynamics involved in the transition to a spherical shape and the implications of thermodynamic principles in a vacuum. The discussion also touches on the limitations of surface tension as a standalone explanation for the behavior of liquids compared to solids.

  • #31
surface tension
So what happens to a blob of water hovering in the space station if someone inserts a drop of liquid soap into that blob of water (soap normally reduces surface tension of water)?

glass - liquid - solid
Glass undergoes a smooth transition between solid and liquid (amorphous solid), I don't know if pressure can change this behavior. On the other extreme, at atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide transitions from solid to vapor (sublimation).
 
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  • #32
The simple answer is: Sphere is the lowest energy state.
 
  • #33
Mapes said:
Would the hallmarks of a phase transition be kinetically observable for something like pitch, though? For example, could you cool or heat it, observe a phase transition, and thus settle the matter of its classification at 25°C?

If it is solid at some temperature T and there would in principle be an observable difference between the solid at temperature T and a hypothetical supercooled liquid at temperature T, then you could detect the difference without actually creating that supercooled liquid. This is because the properties of the supercooled liquid at T are analytical continuations of the properties in the liquid phase above the melting temperature and these will then differ from the measured properties of the solid around temperature T.
 
  • #34
hi dear

your question is very simple

Each molecule pulls on each molecule of the next instant, that is pretty close and then stop firing. But it can also describe a solid. Attract the iron atoms surrounding the atom, but not a rod of iron, with a ball. The properties of internal tension is not sufficient to explain the reason for the formation of a liquid in a bottle and a sound not.The loses potential energy and converts it into heat. The area is the minimum of potential energy of molecules.

http://www.alternativeenergyresearch.net/homemade-wind-turbine/
 
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  • #35
hileri cruze said:
hi dear

your question is very simple

Each molecule pulls on each molecule of the next instant, that is pretty close and then stop firing. But it can also describe a solid. Attract the iron atoms surrounding the atom, but not a rod of iron, with a ball. The properties of internal tension is not sufficient to explain the reason for the formation of a liquid in a bottle and a sound not.The loses potential energy and converts it into heat. The area is the minimum of potential energy of molecules.

http://www.alternativeenergyresearch.net/homemade-wind-turbine/

Yeah, but the global context, to which we suffer within this forum, is physics.
 
Last edited by a moderator:

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