Why does water with no gravity acting upon it form a sphere?

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Water in a zero-gravity environment forms a sphere primarily due to surface tension, which causes molecules to attract each other and minimize the surface area for a given volume. This spherical shape represents the configuration of minimal potential energy for the water molecules. Unlike solids, where molecules are fixed in place, liquid molecules can slide past each other while maintaining cohesion, allowing them to deform into a sphere. The discussion also touches on the differences in molecular interactions between liquids and solids, highlighting that while both exhibit surface tension, their behaviors under stress differ significantly. Ultimately, the spherical shape of water in space is a result of the interplay between molecular attraction and energy dynamics.
  • #31
surface tension
So what happens to a blob of water hovering in the space station if someone inserts a drop of liquid soap into that blob of water (soap normally reduces surface tension of water)?

glass - liquid - solid
Glass undergoes a smooth transition between solid and liquid (amorphous solid), I don't know if pressure can change this behavior. On the other extreme, at atmospheric pressure, carbon dioxide transitions from solid to vapor (sublimation).
 
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  • #32
The simple answer is: Sphere is the lowest energy state.
 
  • #33
Mapes said:
Would the hallmarks of a phase transition be kinetically observable for something like pitch, though? For example, could you cool or heat it, observe a phase transition, and thus settle the matter of its classification at 25°C?

If it is solid at some temperature T and there would in principle be an observable difference between the solid at temperature T and a hypothetical supercooled liquid at temperature T, then you could detect the difference without actually creating that supercooled liquid. This is because the properties of the supercooled liquid at T are analytical continuations of the properties in the liquid phase above the melting temperature and these will then differ from the measured properties of the solid around temperature T.
 
  • #34
hi dear

your question is very simple

Each molecule pulls on each molecule of the next instant, that is pretty close and then stop firing. But it can also describe a solid. Attract the iron atoms surrounding the atom, but not a rod of iron, with a ball. The properties of internal tension is not sufficient to explain the reason for the formation of a liquid in a bottle and a sound not.The loses potential energy and converts it into heat. The area is the minimum of potential energy of molecules.

http://www.alternativeenergyresearch.net/homemade-wind-turbine/
 
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  • #35
hileri cruze said:
hi dear

your question is very simple

Each molecule pulls on each molecule of the next instant, that is pretty close and then stop firing. But it can also describe a solid. Attract the iron atoms surrounding the atom, but not a rod of iron, with a ball. The properties of internal tension is not sufficient to explain the reason for the formation of a liquid in a bottle and a sound not.The loses potential energy and converts it into heat. The area is the minimum of potential energy of molecules.

http://www.alternativeenergyresearch.net/homemade-wind-turbine/

Yeah, but the global context, to which we suffer within this forum, is physics.
 
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